



V^-V V^V V^V ^ 
















• V^V V*^V V^V ' 









• % -F O. 









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«* ** ^ -V 









JP-V 




% 









* ^ v 



^q 



«Ct • 












^ 
o. 












d» 






**<& 



& 










■©» 'P 




4Qi 









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** 






r <b, «♦ 



*> 



^°- • 



V-- 






■*». 







♦ o 



4* •' 



ft ^tf .W&t -o/ f 






'•''/,,.. ' 



■^ 



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pl ^^#;-/V /«:A ^V:wi-.^ 



AN 



ANALYSIS 



GREEK METRES, 



FOR THE USE OF 



STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITIES. 



REV. JOHN BARLOW SEALE, D.D. F.R.S. 

LATE FELLOW OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. 



NINTH EDITION, CAREFULLY CORRECTED. 




LONDON: 

PRINTED FOR 

WH1TTAKER, TREACHER, & CO. AVE-MARIA LANE 

AND 

J. & J. J. DEIGHTON, CAMBRIDGE. 



tf& 



h O N DON: 

GILBERT & R1VJNGTON, PRINTERS, 
st. John's square. 



TO 



EDWARD FINCH HATTON, Esq 



ANALYSIS 



IS ADDRESSED, 



WITH SENTIMENTS OF THE TRUEST REGARD, 



BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, 



JOHN BARLOW SEALE. 



Cum quidam a me familiariter postularent ut aliquid de Metris compone- 

rem, diu sum equidem reluctatus ; quod auctores utriusque linguae clarissi- 

mos non ignorabam multa, quae ad hoc opus pertinerent, diligentissime 

scripta posteris reliquisse. Sed qua ego ex causa faciliorem mihi veniam 

meae deprecationis arbitrabar fore, hac accendebantur illi magis, quod inter 

diversas opiniones priorum, et quasdam etiam inter se contrarias, difficilis 

esset electio : ut mihi si non inveniendi nova, at certe judicandi de veteribus 

iniungere laborem non iniuste viderentur. 

QUINT. 



ADVERTISEMENT, 



The following pages are the substance of a 
Lecture which was formerly read to the young 
Gentlemen of Christ's College in the first 
Term, being designed as a supplement to the 
Elementary Rules of Greek Prosody. 

It had been a frequent subject of com- 
plaint, that the books already written on this 
branch of Grammar were wanting in didactic 
perspicuity, and rather calculated to establish 
the Proficient, than to assist the Learner. In 
the First Edition of Morell's Thesaurus, 
the quantities of words were not marked, and 
references made to the most difficult species 
of Verse. This objection had it's due weight 
with those who consulted the improvement 
of young Scholars, to whom the subject of 
Greek Quantity was new, and who were en- 
tirely unprepared to scan the verse to which 
they were referred. For though the Author 
had prefixed to the Thesaurus an useful trea- 



VI 

tise on Greek Prosody, yet that treatise, from 
the manner and number of it's rules and in- 
stances, appeared formidable to all but the 
Great Schools, and was for that reason, 
among others, too often overlooked. 

The new and elaborate Edition of Dr. 
Maltby, and the valuable Improvements it 
contains, will obviate, in many respects, the 
force of these observations. 

When this Analysis was first published, a 
considerable degree of deference was paid by 
other writers, and by eminent Scholars in our 
Universities, to the authority of Hepioestion. 
It has been the fashion of late to depreciate 
the Enchiridion, whose author, I had almost 
said, was the Coryphoeus of writers on the 
subject. As an advocate of the old school, 
I receive particular pleasure from Professor 
Gais ford's Edition, which is so well cal- 
culated to re-establish the reputation of his 
Author. 

The late Professor Porson, Dr. Burney, 
and Dr. Maltby, have rendered Metrical 
science so accessible in all its branches, as to 
leave few desiderata [if we except the scansion 



Vll 

of the Odes of Pindar] to exercise the genius 
of future writers. 

Amidst such a profusion of valuable pub- 
lications, in offering another Edition of this 
Analysis, I presumed that a Manual of this 
compendious form would be useful to those 
who might not aspire to that degree of pro- 
ficiency, which would be the result of a com- 
plete acquaintance with those Works. 

The report of my Booksellers confirms this 
impression, who inform me that there has been 
a considerable demand for a new Edition. 

The Metres of Horace were subjoined at 
the desire of a judicious and learned friend, 
who lately presided in one of the first Semi- 
naries of the kingdom. 

A Bookseller of the City of Oxford, whose 
name is Nathaniel Bliss, having published 
some time ago a Spurious Edition of this 
Work, the Court of Chancery granted an 
Injunction, to prohibit the Sale of it. 

It appeared to be a mutilated Copy of the 
Fourth Edition, and disgraced by Typogra- 
phical and other Errata. 



TABLE OF FEET. 



Iambus , . . . 


w — 


QeuJv. 


Trochee .... 


— w 


StJjLid. 


Tribrach .... 


www 


^E0ero. 


Spondee .... 




0uuo7. 


Dactyl .... 


— w w 


~EVV£7T£. 


Anap.est .... 


WW — 


M.eyd\rji f . 


PjEon primus . 


— www 


XdXKOcerd. 


P^eon secundus . . 


W — WW 


"E7rwvvjue. 


P;eon tertius . . . 


WW — w 


TeXeadvrd. 


P.EON quartus 


w w w — 


QloylvriQ. 


Choriambus . . . 


— WW — 


"Hfxerepu). 


Antispastus . . . 


• w w 


XoXaJdivrd. 


Ionicus a majore 


w w 


Koafxrjrope. 


Ionicus a minore . . 


w w 


BporoAoIyw. 


Epitritus primus 


. w 


"AvlKrJTbiv. 


Epitritus secundus . 


.. _ yj 


'~EvpedivrijJv 


Epitritus tertius 


. ^_ 


^idJrrjpXdg. 


Epitritus quartus . 


. w 


<&<jjvfj(rd<rd. 


Ot 


hers less in use 


are ; 


Pyrrichius . . . 


w w 


Tact. 


Proceleusmaticus . 


w w w w 


BddvKOj.id. 


Amphibrachys 


w — w 


"EAU<7£. 


Creticus 


— w — 


'JLvpeSfj. 


Bacchius . . . 


w 


XdXivM. 


Antibacchius . . 


w 


'EXBovrd. 


Molossus . . 


• ' 


~O(j)0dXidovc. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PART I, 



Metre 3 is " an arrangement of Syllables and Feet 
according to certain Rules." In this abstract and 
general sense it comprehends indiscriminately 
either an entire Verse, a part of a Verse, or any 
number of Verses. But " a Metre" in a specific 
sense means " a combination of two b Feet," and 
sometimes only one c Foot. 



a Rhythm, considered with reference to a single Foot, is used 
by Quinctilian to express the proportion subsisting between the 
parts of time employed in the pronunciation of it's component 
Syllables ; the least division of which, is that which is employed 
in the pronunciation of a short Syllable. His distinction be- 
tween Rhythm and Metre is this; — the former refers to the 
time only ; Metre both to the time and order of the Syllables. 
The Rhythm of an Anapaest and Dactyl is the same ; the Me- 
tre different. 

But the term Rhythm is used also in a more comprehensive 
sense, and is applied to the harmonious construction and enun- 
ciation of Feet and Words in connexion. 

b Two feet were assigned to a Metre, because, in rehearsal 
in the Greek Theatre, the person whose office it was to beat 
time raised his foot only once while the actor pronounced two 
feet. 

c In Dactylic Metre, and in the Metres composed of Double 
Feet. Sect. 4, 5. . .9. 



In the first sense, Metre is divided into nine 
Species : 1. Iambic. 2. Trochaic. 3. Anapaes- 
tic. 4. Dactylic. 5. Choriambic. 6. Antispas- 
tic. 7. Ionic a majore. 8. Ionic a minore. 
9. Phonic. 

Each species derives its name from the foot that 
prevails d in it. But other feet, besides that from 
which the species is denominated, are admissible 
under certain restrictions (to be mentioned here- 
after) ; and in the knowledge of these principally 
consists the Art of Scanning. It is not, however, 
sufficient merely to know to which of these species 
a Verse is to be referred, but the Student must 
also examine how many feet, or how many pairs of 
feet, or Metres, are to be found in it : he will then 
be able to annex another name, according to the 
number of these Metres, and will call it either 

MONOMETER DlMETER TRIMETER TETRAME- 
TER — Pentameter — or Hexameter. 

Lastly, he will once more examine whether the 
Verse, with respect to the Metres, be complete, de- 
ficient, or redundant; and will accordingly pro- 
nounce it either 

1. ACATALECTIC. 

tCatalectic, if wanting one syllable. 

2. X Brachycatalectic, if wanting one whole 
v. Foot, or half a Metre. 

3. Hypercatalectic. 



d Or of which at first perhaps it was entirely composed : 
until writers introduced other feet, for a reason similar to that 
which occasioned the introduction of a Spondee into the Iambic 
Verse. 



Hence the complete name of every Verse neces- 
sarily consists of three terms, — the first referring 
to the Species, — the second to the Number of Me- 
tres, — the third to the Apothesis, or Ending. This 
is the scientific method of the old Grammarians. 
And the knowing how to apply these terms to any 
Verse e that presents itself, necessarily includes 
the subordinate knowledge of every foot, which 
may be afterwards mentioned, or not, at pleasure. 
It is rather unusual to mention them, except in 
cases of difficulty, or when the Poet seems to de- 
viate from rule, 

Schmidius and Triclinius, in their Analysis of 
the Metres of Pindar and Sophocles, frequently 
recite first the general name, consisting of the 
three terms above mentioned, and then subjoin the 
particular feet. 

e When different Metres are intermixed, as in the Choral Odes 
of the Greek Tragedians, each Verse must be scanned separately. 

In a System, or Collection of Verses of one and the same 
Species, it is sufficient to mention the general name once for all. 

When there is a Recurrency of Verses of different kinds com- 
bined together (as in the Alcaic Odes of Horace,) the law of 
variation must be premised. 

K> In explaining Rhythm in its more comprehensive sense, 
as applied to the modulation of a Verse, we are 1 . To consider 
the place of the Arsis and Thesis, the one being the Elevation, 
the other the Depression of the Voice. And 2. the place of 
the Caesural Pause. 

In the Iambus and Trochee, the Arsis (or Ictus) is invariable, 
being upon the long Syllable in each. The Arsis upon the as- 
sumed Feet will locally correspond, as nearly as may be, to the 
Arsis of the Proper Foot. 

Thus in an Iambic Verse the Arsis will be upon the second 
Syllable of the Spondee, and upon its resolved Feet — if an Ana- 
paest, on the third — if a Dactyl or Tribrach, on the second. 

In a Trochaic Verse, upon the first Syllable of all the assumed 
Feet. 

B 2 



PART II. 

The two last terms of the general name are re- 
duced to one, for the sake of brevity, in particular 
cases. 1. Where a Verse of a given species con- 
sists of two feet and a half, it is called a Penthem- 
imer f . 2. When it consists of three and a half, 
an Hephthemimer 5 . 3. When it consists of one 
whole Metre and a half, it is called Hemiholius h , 
which would be, at length, Dimeter Brachycata- 
lectic *. 

It would exceed the compass of my design to 
enumerate the various names of Verses (beside 
those already described) which have been occa- 
sionally adopted by the writers of Greek Prosody. 
I shall therefore now proceed to explain, as con- 
cisely as I can, the rules belonging to each of the 
nine species k . 

f As consisting of five half feet. 

g As consisting of seven half feet. 

h As being the half of a whole Trimeter. 

1 To these we may add, that the last Metre of a Catalectic 
Verse, especially in Trochaics and Iambics, is called KarcucXeig. 

k But it may not be improper to observe, that the causes 
which have given rise to other names, instead of the proper 
name of the species, are chiefly these : 

1. The Invention, or frequent Use, of any species by a par- 
ticular Poet ; in which case the general name is superseded by 
an Adjective derived from some such names as the following : 
Asclepiades — Glycon — Alcceus — Sappho — Phalcecus — Sotades 



N. The respective situation of each Foot in a 
Verse is called it's place. 

Hephsestion sometimes describes the outlines of 
a Verse by a simple reference to the Quantity and 
Place; thus, 

Xaips fxoi Pw^ua Ovyarrip "Aprioq. 

Jam satis terris nivis atque dirse. 

/3a/3/3 . j3aaj3 . a]3a. 

Others thus : 

— \j > — WW — ) w — w* 

Or thus : 
Epitr. 2 dus .— Choriamb.— Iamb. Syz. Cat. 

N.B. The last Syllable of a Verse is considered 
as common, except it be Anapaestic ! . 

— Archilochus — Alcman — Pherecrates — Anacreon — Aristopha- 
nes — Eicripides, &c. 

2. It's being used in some particular civil or religious cere- 
mony : 

3. Or having been appropriated to some particular subject 
or sentiment. 

Prosodiacus is an instance of the second kind, and Parcemi- 
acus of the third. 

KaXeirai Hpoaoc)iaicov f on ev raig eopraig, ev alg Trpoaodoi. 

eyevovro, roiovruig fxerpoig e^jow vro. 
KaXeirai de napoijiiaKov, ha ro rcoXXag napoifiiag rw 

tolovt(D fiirpo) yeypatydai. Triclin. 

1 Ultima nil refert qualis sit syllaba versus. Busby. 

The Grammarians that displease Dr. Clarke by saying that 
the last Syllable is common, only mean that a Syllable naturally 
short is used there in common with a Syllable naturally long : 

Or in other words, 
The local Quantity supersedes the natural quantity of the Syl- 
lable. 



6 



CHAPTER 1. 

SECTION I. 

IAMBIC METRE. 

An Iambic Verse admits in the first, third, and 
fifth place, an Iambus and a Spondee. 

In the second, fourth, and sixth, an Iambus only. 

Var. 1. The Iambus in the odd places may be 
resolved into a Tribrach, The Spondee into a 
Dactyl or Anapaest. 

Var. 2. The Iambus in the even places (except 
the last) may be resolved into a Tribrach. An 
Anapaest is substituted for it m in the case of a 
Proper Name only n . 

Observe, however, that, 1. A Dactyl should be 
avoided in quint a sede. And, 2. Resolved Feet 
should not concur. 

m Kojii^e aavr-qv, Avrlyovrj, SofMov eaoj. EuRIP. 

MctXtora <boij3u) Teipecrldv Trap ov rig av. Soph. 

The Bishop of Hereford [Dr. Huntingford] has introduced 
the Anapaest in a similar manner — 

Tpoiac, BajjvXtovoc, IlEpaE7ro\eo)Q, /ecu Me^i0ewc. 

n The irregular Iambics of Aristophanes admit an Anapaest 
in the even places where there is no proper name. In the 
Tragic Poets this is not allowed. 



IAMBIC SYSTEMS. 
DIM. CAT. 

Ou juoi /uisXu Tvyao 
Tov SapoWv avatcroQ 
OvO aipsu (At ^oucoc, 
Ou&£ <j>9ov(j) rvpavvoic. 
E/ioi fjieXu juivpoKJi 
KarafipsyjEiv virr]VYiv' 
E^uoi /LttXec poSoicri 
Karaar£^)£ti/ Kapr\va. 

To GT]flipOV fJLtXu fXOi } 

To o avpiov tiq oictv ; 

Beginning with an Anapaest. 

A7ToXoiTO 7Tp(i)TOCj dVTOQ 

O tov apyvpov (j>i\rj(jag. 
Aia toutov ouk aSfX^oc, 
Aia rourov ou roKijfe* 
IloXfuoi, <j>ovoi Si aurov. 
To ^£ ^£ioov, oWvjmeaOa 
Aia rourov 01 <^iXouvt££. 

Anacreon °. 



• The Iambic Scheme which Professor Barnes has given in 
the Prolegomena to his Edition, containing some Irregularities 
that occur in Anacreon, ought to be applied with caution in the 
composition of Anacreontics. 

Pes Creticus, which is included in the Scheme, is certainly- 
inadmissible in prima sede. 



Trimeters, or Senarii. 

Ev iravn irpayu S taQ' o/niXiag /ca/cr/c 

Ka/aov ovbevy Kapnog ov KOfxiGreog. 

Arrjg apovpa Oavarov EKKapTri^erai. 

H yap £uva<r|3ae ttAoiov evazfirig avr\p 

Naur pax OtpinoiQ Kai iravovpyia rivi, 

OXwXev avcpwv <jvv Qeotttvgtw ytvu' 

H c,vv woXiraig av^paGiv, Si/caioc wv, 

E^0pO$£VOlC re fcai 0£WV a^xv^iioai, 

Taurou Kvpr)aaq eK^iKug aypevfJiaTog, 

UXriyeig 9eov iiaariyi TrayKOivio Safirj. .ZEsCHYL, 

Optat quietem Pelopis infidus pater 
Egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis; 
Optat Prometheus obligatus aliti ; 
Optat supremo collocare Sisyphus 
In monte saxum ; sed vetant leges Jovis. 

Hor. 



Trimeters and Dimeters alternate. 

Ergo aut adulta vitium propagine 

Altas maritat populos : 
Inutilesque falce ramos amputans, 

Feliciores inserit : 
Aut in reducta valle mugientium 

Prospectat errantes greges. Hor. 



9 



NOTE (A.) 

In this place Professor Porson's Canon (mentioned in the Pre- 
face to his Hecuba) naturally engages our attention. This 
Canon admits the Anapaest in prima sede only. The passages 
in TEschylus and Sophocles which militate against this Hypo- 
thesis, are altered with his usual ability. He refers to a Note 
of Morell, which I confess had once induced me to insert the 
very same Canon (for the third place) in the proof sheet of a 
former impression. But on further consideration I cancelled 
that part of the sheet. For 

1. I was not convinced by Morell's reason for rejecting the 
Anapaest in 3 tia sede, which is this : " Quia Anapaestus in ter- 
tia sede Caesuram sive Comma quo Versus debet dividi, pes- 
sundaret, et exinde Versum redderet tW/xovo-ov." I could not 
perceive that the following verses deserved the name of cW- 
fiovaoi : 

Ae&i tov avTOV apiOfJOv, ovk eyio Kravov. 
Kcikov KctKwc viv ay.otpov eicrpiipai /3tov. 

Spes nuper altera, prima nunc Britanniae. 

And if we read them thus, changing the Anapaest into a Tri- 
brach, the difference in point of harmony is inconsiderable : 

Aei;ei tov clvtov apl-dfiov, ovk eyu) ktclvov* 

K.O.KOV KCIKIOC VLV CLflOpOV EKTpi^ai [3lOV. 

At any rate, Morell's case concerning the Caesural pause does 
not apply to the Anapaest in 5 ta sede : 

Qpacretav ibpaiav re, kcli mdavriv ajia, 
2u TIXOVTOQ OVTU)Q CtdXlLOQ dictKEifJievoe, 

Caelo receptus grande depositum tibi. 
Et arcuati qua patet spatium aetheris. 

2. Hephaestion's authority is adverse to such a restriction. 
Had he meant to confine the Anapaest to the first place in the 
Ia/j.(3oTToioi Kai TpayiKoi, he would have said so at once. Instead 
of which, having enumerated the Anapaest among the legitimate 



10 



feet which belong to an Iambic Verse, he lays down some dis- 
tinctions between the use of the Anapaest by the la nfiowo to i and 
the Comic Poets : And by way of argument he afterwards says, 
Et toivvv tov airovSetov ev tolq aprtotg ov Se^trai, ovde rov a7r' 
avrov Xvdevra avcnraiaTOv o(f)et\£t de^adai, Ilapa jxev ovv rotg 
icifxpowotoig tovto <T(i)£eTai, irapa de KwfdiKOig, ov Xtav avrnroiov/jie- 
volq avfjifxerpiag, ovketl. Thus, while he assumes a reason for 
the Anapaest being rejected in the 2 d and 4 th places in the more 
correct systems of the lafxloo-notot, he is silent on the subject of 
its being rejected by them in the 3 d and 5 th . 

The inference is, that he considered the Anapaest as admis- 
sible, by the Ia/x/Woiot, as well as by the Comic Writers ev 
ratg Trepirratg. 

3. If a Dactyl, which occurs so frequently in 3 tia sede, par- 
ticularly in Euripides, is allowed in a correct Iambic, there 
seems to be no reason why the Spondee in the same place should 
not be resolved into an Anapaest. 

[The rejection of the Dactyl in 5 ta sede is in some measure 
accounted for by Morell, because in that place it would make 
the Iambic Senarius too much resemble the conclusion of a 
lame Heroic] 

On this controverted point Students must judge for them- 
selves. If they should be of opinion that the Professor has 
established his point, that the Anapaest occurs rarissime vel nun- 
quam in the third and fifth, as far as the Tragic Drama of the 
Greeks is concerned, they will observe that the question still 
remains open how far this ought to be a general rule for the 
Iambic System, and for compositions not Dramatic. In making 
this remark, I flatter myself I shall not be considered as under- 
valuing his masterly researches. I will only add, that in respect 
of a general rule for correct composition, I incline at present to 
those authorities which approve of the occasional insertion of 
an Anapaest in the Third and Fifth. 

Professor Porson's book will afford much information to those 
Students that wish to pursue this subject beyond the limits which 
the plan of this Analysis admits. 

It will be a real subject of regret, that his design of com- 
pleting the proof of this Canon, by an examination of Euri- 
pides, should have been prevented bv his premature death. 

1 



11 



That he intended it, is evident from these words : 

Equidem omnia, quae regulse nostrse contraria observavi, aut 
sanare, aut adversariis eripere posse videor. 

Ea, quae Euripideae fabulae suppeditant, singula, ubi occasio 
postulabit, examinabo. Pref. p. vi. 

The first Verse which he examines (from Sophocles) is the 
524th Verse of the Ajax — 

Ov/c av yevotTO nod' ovtoq evyevrjc avrjp. 

And among other emendations mentioned in the Preface, he 
prefers 

Ov7rore yevoiT av ovtoq evyevrjQ avrjp. 

In the Supplement [Note G] he resumes the subject, and at 
last accepts Hermann's ed' ovtoq — 

Ovk av yevoiT eO' ovtoq evyevrjQ avrjp. 

On the first of these emendations I will take the liberty to 
observe, that the alteration and transposition is not inconsider- 
able ; on the second, that eti does not so sufficiently express the 
force of the sentiment as vote does in conjunction with evyevrjQ. 

[The depravity of an Ingrate is denoted by iroTe in a retro- 
spective view.] 

If the Anapaest must be banished, I prefer Professor Por- 
son's emendation. 



12 



SECTION II. 



TROCHAIC METRE. 

A Trochaic Verse admits in the odd places a 
Trochee only p . In the even places, a Trochee q , and 
a Spondee r . 

The Trochee may in any place be resolved into 
a Tribrach ; and the Spondee into a Dactyl or 
Anapcest. 



p It is unnecessary to adduce the words of Hephcestion so 
often quoted by writers in this place. It is evidently his opi- 
nion, that a Spondee or Dactyl in the odd places is as much to 
be avoided in a Trochaic, as a Spondee or Anapaest in the even 
places of an Iambic Verse. 

Some instances to the contrary may be found in Aristophanes 
and in Seneca. But these are only in long Verses. Hence 
Dr. Busby : " Sappho et Phalaecus pedibus cecinere Trochaeis," 
referring (as it appears by the scheme) to such Verses as these, 
having Dactyls in the odd places, 

Jam sa | tis ter | ris nivis | atque | dirae. 
Flumina I constite | rint a | cuto : 

adds very properly, as a mark of their peculiarity, that such 
Trochaics were ex sua incude, and not in the usual form. 



q KeZctrcu rdXdg. Penthem. Soph. E. 248. 

r Mdrep aioyyvdq efidg. ~\ A. 1 74. 

Non ebur neque aureum. ^ Hephthem. 
"H Xoyw tto | pevtTai. 



} 



13 

A Dactyl in the odd places, occurs only in the 
case of a Proper s Name. 

Trochaic Verses are mostly Catalectic. A Sys- 
tem of them generally consists of Catalectic % Te- 
trameters : sometimes of Dimeters Catalectic and 
Acatalectic intermixed. 

In Tetrameters, the second* Metre should always 
end with a word. 



s 1>vyyovov t e \ [irjv, HvXddfjv re \ rov rdZl £uV | }>pQvrd fxoi. 

Eur. Or. 1566. 

* Upog ^o/jlovq ffrelyovrd Travaui rovg irdpioTurdg yoovg. 

Eur. Ph. 1331. 

u The precept and example is given by Terentianus in the 
same Verses : 



Finis ut quarti pedis 



Nominis verbive fine comma primum clauderet. 

The same is confirmed by Dawes and Morell, who assert 
that the rule is invariably observed by the Tragic Poets. 

An exception is made in favour of a privative, and of Pre- 
positions prefixed, 

Tavra fJ-ol h \ -TrXrj fxeplfiv d \ (ppdarog iarXv \ iv typzoi. 

iEscHYL. Pers. 165. 

Professor Porson does not admit the propriety of this ex- 
ception, and thus alters the Verse : 

Tavra \ioi \itpi^iv atypaarog egtlv ev (f)pe<nv SurXv. 



It 



TROCHAIC SYSTEMS. 

DIM. 

TlwXe Opp/a>?, re ^17 /x£, 
Ao£ov o/j/naori j3X£7roi»cra, 
NrjXfwc (pEvyug, Soksiq $£ 
Mrjckv feSfva" oo<j>ov ; 
Iar0i rot, icaXwc fifv ov toi 
Tov ^aXevov mfiaXoi/ui 
Hviag o f^wv arpttyoifxt 

A/lI(J>1 T£pfJ.aTO. SpO/ULOV* 

Nvv $£ Xfi/uwvag rs pocFKLai, 
Kov(pa re OKiprtoGa Trai&ec, 
Ae£tov -yap e7T7ro7r£epi7v 
Ou/c £)(ac £7rf/Lij3ar»?v. AnACR. 

DIM. CAT. 

M^jSe TIQ KIk\t}<TK£TU) 
ZZv/LltyOpU TeTVJJ.JJ.2VOC, 
Tow/ E7TOC QpOOV/ittVOQ, 

Q Ae/ca, 

Q OpOVOl T JLpiVVVlVV, 

Taura ree Ta \ av T«r»?p 
H rfKoucra vzottuQiiq 

OlKTOV OlKTMTCllT ' £7TEt 

-$T7 7rtrv£t So/uoc; Ae/cag. iEsCHYL. 



15 



TETRAM. CAT. 



M»?r£p, ov Xo-ywv ayu)v sgt , aW ava^wrai ^povog 

Ovv U.ZGO) /lICLTYIV' TTfjOCUVH O OVCiiV 7} 7TpOVVf.Ua' 

Ov yap av Zv/uflai/uLEV aWtog, r\ iri toiq uprj/mvoiQ, 
Q.gt EyUE, GKr)TTTpi*)v KpaTOwra, tt}g^' avaKT uvai yOovoQ. 
Tiov /naKptov §' awaWayeiGa vov6^rr}f.iaT<x)V jjl fa* 
Kai <jv Tiov& a£w KOfxiCov ra^wv, r/ KarOavBi. 

Eurip. 



Artium parens et altrix Graeca diligentia est : 
Literarum porro curam nulla gens attentius 
Repperit, polivit usque finem ad unguis extimum : 
Quod Latinus semulando, nee satis fidens sui, 
(Exitus nam nostra lingua non capit tarn plurimos) 
Attamen fandi paravit non secundam copiam. 

Terentianus Maurus. 



1(> 



SECTION III. 



ANAPAESTIC METRE. 

An Anapaestic Verse, without any* restriction of 
places y , admits either an Anapcest z , Spondee, or 
Dactyl. 

Anapaestic Verses are sometimes intermixed with 
other species, but are oftener in a detached System 
by themselves. 

A System is chiefly composed of Dimeters ; and 
is most correct under the following circumstances : 

1. When each Foot, or at least each Syzygy, 
ends with a Word a . 



x Kara Traaav Xwpav. Heph. 

y Except the Dimeter Catalectic, called Parcemiacus, which 
requires an Anapaest in the last place but one, and is incorrect, 
when a Spondee is found there. 

z In some instances the proper foot is resolved into a Proce- 
leusmatic. 

a The first of the two following Verses is more correct than 
the second : 

Zevg yap fieya\r]Q yXwaang KopirovQ 
Evo7rXoc yo(0 tir uvtov tirevdpoxxKEu 



17 



2. When the last Verse b but one of the System 
is Monometer c Acatalectic ; and the last, Dimeter 
Catalectic ; with an Anapaest in the second Metre. 

In a System, this peculiar property is to be 
observed : That the last Syllable of each verse is 
not common (as in other species), but has its Quan- 
tity subject to the same restrictions, as if the Foot, 
to which it belongs, occurred in any other place of 
the Verse d . 

A Series therefore of Anapaestic Verses, con- 
sisting of one or more Sentences, is to be con- 
structed, as if each Sentence was only a single e 
Verse. 

b Ex' aicpiov rjdrj 

Nacrjv opfjaovr aXaXa^ai. Soph* Ant. 134. 

c The Monometer Acatalectic is called an Anapaestic Base. 
This is sometimes dispensed with in a System : the Parcemiacus 
rarely. 

d H 7roXXa QporotQ ecrriv idoval 
Tvwvai' izpiv ideiv £', ovdeig fidvrlg 
Tbjv fieWovTioy 6, n xpa^et. Soph. Aj. ad finem. 

e H TroXka. fiporolg | EffTivlSovai | Tvdjpcu TrpXvXlelv \ (?, ovde'ig 
fxavTig I rwv fxiWovTwv ] 'o, tX irpdlei. 



18 

Hence, if the last Foot of a Verse, in the 
middle of a Sentence, begins as an Anapaest or 
Spondee, its last Syllable must be long — natu- 
rally f — or by position g , &c. 

If it begins as a Dactyl h , the last Syllable must 
be in like manner short. 

The Rule is dispensed with only at the end of 
a Sentence, where a Tribrach, Cretic, or Trochee, 
sometimes supply the place of an Anapcest, Dactyl, 
or Spondee ; but in no other case 1 . 

There is a species of Anapaestic Verses, called 
Aristophanaic k , which are Catalectic Tetrameters. 

The Verse, by some called Proceleusmatic 1 , 
being composed of Feet isochronal to an Anapaest, 
and ending for the most part with that Foot, falls 
under the title of Anapaestic. 

f 'Y7repex6aipet | Kcu atyag eatdajv. Soph. Ant. 130. 

g Eig apOfxov tfxoi [ kcu (f>i\orr}rd 
27T£V(W. iEscHYL. Prom. 191. 

Position extends to the first Syllable of the next Verse ; as 
in the preceding instance. 

h liSfxvai te deioy 7rai^Eg JLplvvvlg 
AdtKiog Qvr}<TKovrag opare. 

i On the subject of the Anapaestic ZvvaQeia, see Dr. Bent- 
ley's Phalaris, page 132, where the objections of the Hon. 
Mr. Boyle are refuted, and the whole subject examined with 
the usual accuracy and acuteness of that great Critic. 

k Qavepov jiev eyioy \ oi/xai yv^vai \ rovr eivai ira \ rnv 
ofxoiojg. 

1 Ilpog efJLOv 6 | /jLoyevero \ pa. Eur. Ph. 167. 

Tig oped | fiddvKdfid J ratT E7te(tv \ to fiporuiv. 

Perit abit avipedis animula leporis. 
Ta UpoKeXeva-jxariKa Merpa, el evpeOEir}, SriXovori kcii 

AvcnraiarriKa ectti. Heph. Sell. p. 11. 



19 



ANAPAESTIC SYSTEMS. 

ArjXov e/jloi y wg (j>opprie \p£ia 
2rtj3ov oyp,EVEi tov$e 7rs\ag ttov. 
Tavrrjv yap £)(£iv /3iorrj£ avrov 
Aoyog earl (j>v(Jiv, 6t]poj5o\ovvTa 
Urrivoig loig (rrvyzpov GTvyEpwg' 
Ov$e tlv avT(o 
TTaiwva KaKd)v Eirivwfxav. 

Another System without the Base. 

Q Suvov iSeiv iradog av0pij)7roig f 
Q deivorarov 7ravrwv ocr' cya> 
UpoaiKvpa »]$tj. Tig cr , io t^tj/ulov, 
Tlpoaefir) /uavia \ Tig o Tr^rjcrag 
Aai/uHov [X£i£ova twv jurj/aarwv 
Upog ry ay cWSai^uovi poipa. ; 

<&EV, (j)EV, SvGTCLV' aXX' OV$ EGlStlV 

Auva^uai (T£, OeXwv 7roXX avepE<jOai, 
IloXXa irvdeoQai, iroXXa 8* aOpriaaC 
Toiav (f>piKT}v irapEyjEig fxoi. SOPH. 

Systems of Paroemiaci. 

2t*yav vvv cnrag e^e Giyav' 
Kai iravra \oyov raya ttevgei* 
H^uiv o ISafOj warpig egti. 

nXfO^tsv $' a^u' OSuaWi 0€iw. CRATIN. 

C 2 



20 



Qui se volet esse potentem, 
Animos domet ille feroces : 
Nee victa libidine colla 
Fcedis submittat habenis. 
Etenim licet Indica longe 
Tellus tua jura tremiscat, 
Et serviat ultima Thule, 
Tamen atras pellere curas, 
Miserasque fugare querelas 
Non posse, potentia non est. 

Boet. De Cons. Phil. 



TETRAM. CAT. 

Q ty)q /meyaXrjQ ecxpiag zirSvfxr]aaq avOptJirs Trap* tjjumov, 
Qg evSaifiiDV tv Adrjvaioig Kai toiq YLWrjGi yevriasi, 
Ei fivri/niov H Kai (jtpovTiGTYig, Kai to raXanriopov zvsotiv 
Ev T7) ipvyij, Kai fJLt) Ka/jLveig jur?0' sgtu)q, [xyite j3a3i£wv, 
Mrjre piyw aydzi \iav, juirire y' apiarav siriOv/uiug. 
Oivov t aTTzyzi Kai yvfivaGHi)v, Kai ra»v aWivv avorjTwv, 
Kai fitXriGTOv tovto voiiiCuq, 07TEO eikoq St£iov avSpa, 
Ni/cav Traarrwv Kai fiov\evioi> Kai ry yXtorry 7roA£/ui£a>v. 

Aristoph. 



21 



SECTION IV. 

DACTYLIC METRE. 

A Dactylic Verse is composed solely of Dactyls 
and Spondees. In this species one Foot p constitutes 
a Metre. 

The Common Heroic is Hexameter Acatalectic, 
having a Dactyl in the fifth Metre, and a Spondee 
in the sixth. 

Though an Heroic Verse is confined to a smaller 
number of admissible Feet than an Iambic Verse, 
several licences are allowed, which are not used 
in the latter. 

The most considerable, are : 

1. q The lengthening a short Final Syllable in 
certain cases. 

P Kara M.ovoirohtav /ueTpetrai ra AaKTvXtKa. Heph. 

The Dactylic Hexameter, 

Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi, 
becomes Anaipcestic Trimeter Catalectic by taking away one 
Syllable : 

Patet interea domus omnipotentis Olympi. 

q EKTrfpoxu Hpia^iOLO ttoXip, ev <T oucac? iKeadaL. 
This is done not only at the place of the Csesural Pause, 
but sometimes even on other final Syllables, whose emphasis is 
increased by their beginning a Foot : 

[Besides the principal Caesura, the term Ccesura is applied 
by some writers to each of these final Syllables cut off from a 
Word after a Foot is completed.] 

To% wfioiaiv e%b)v afi(^r]pe(ped re (paperprjv. 

II. a'. 45. 
This license is improper in Verses shorter than Hexameters. 

Scholars 



22 



2. The Hiatus', or the concurrence of two 
Vowels in contiguous words. 

3. The Ionic Dialect also, which rarely occurs 
in the Iambics of the Greek Tragedians, affords 
great variety in the construction of Epic Verses. 

That irregular sort of Dactylics, which Hephaes- 
tion calls Mollcs, admits in the first Metre any 
Foot of two Syllables : the rest must be all Dactyls, 

Scholars have not yet determined the grounds of this licence. 
Dr. Clarke says : " in fine vocis, propter Pausam qua Vox 
finitur, Syllaba alioqui brevis produci potest." Dr. Morell 
says : " Causa est, quia mora in ilia syllaba quaedam sit, unde 
Mansio vocatur, et quia ictus pronunciationis, ut quidam lo- 
quuntur, in hanc Versus partem cadit." Mr. Tyrwhitt and 
Bp. Cleaver are of opinion, that it is not merely the Pause 
upon the Syllable, that is sufficient to account for it ; but that 
we are to conceive an additional quantity of time interposed, to 
supply the absence of the actual length of the Syllable, after 
the manner of a Rest in Music. 

The remarkable instance in the 172nd Verse of the third Book 
<pi\e eKvpe Seivog re, must be accounted for by the interposition 
of the Molic Digamma, to which we must also refer several 
instances of initial Syllables made long in the Iliad. 

'Oc ydr) ret r eovra, ret r Eaao\iEva y irpo r eovtcl. 

a. 70. 
E7T£i^7/ tovB* avSpa deoi Safjiacraadai eduyKav. 

See Dawes's Misc. Crit. and Bp. Burgess's excellent Notes. 

r 1 . When the Word ends with a short Vowel, 
AW' aKEOvoa Kadrjao, ejjlu) tP etmteiQeo fxvda). 

II.' a. 565. 

2. When the word ends with a long Vowel or Diphthong, 
in which cases the Syllable may either be long without Elision, 
or short on the supposition that the latter of the component 
Vowels is cut off: 

KovpicirjQ a\o\ov, ettei ov eOev egti \EpEi(av. 
Ovk eQe\ov ^E^aaQaC ettel tto\v ftovXofiai avrr\v. 



23 

except when the Verse is Catalectic, and then the 
Catalectic part must be a part of a Dactyl. 

A second sort of Dactylics, which the same 
Author terms Logacedics % require a Trochaic Sy- 
zygy at the end, all the other Feet being Dactyls. 

s Kal rig eir | eay&Tl \ aiaiv o'lkelq. 
Flumina | constite | rint a | cuto. 

This sort is more properly referred to the Title (Ao-vvapr^rot) 
in Part II. 



24 



DACTYLIC SYSTEMS. 

HEXAMETERS. 

> 
Ev0 av TuSficfy AiOjurj&i ITaXXag AQt]vr) 

AwfCE /J.EVOQ KCll SapGOQ, Iv EK^riXog fXZTCL TTCKJIV 

ApyEioidi ytvoiro, i§c kXeoq eaOXov apoiro, 
Aaie 01 £/c KopvOog re /cat aff7no\)c a/ca^uarov 7rup, 
Aoteo 07rwpivw svaXty/ctov, oote juaXiora 
Aa/unrpov ira^aivyai XtXou/u£voc Q/ceavoio. 

Hom. 

Ev S' £7T£<r', W£ 07£ ACU/itt So^ £V VJJt 7T£(T^Cri 

Aaj3pov viral vsfowv, av£/JLOTp£(j>eg' rj de re travel 
Ayvy V7T£Kpv<f>9ri, avfjuoio de Savog arjrrjg 
Toriw £^u|3p£jU£rai* TpofjieovGi §£ T£ (j>p£va vavrai 

AaSlOTfC* TKT0OV yap V7T £KT ZdVCLTOlO (frepOVTdl, 

Hom. 



DACTYL. TRIM, or ANTISP. D. C. 

Ai Movtrai tov Epwra 
Arjcatrai ortcpavoiGi, 
Tw KaXXa irapeSwicav' 
Kat vuv 77 Ki»0£|O£ia 
Zrjra, Xurpa fepovoa, 
AvGaaOai tov Epwra' 
Kav Xuap & Ttc aurov, 

OuK S&Kri, jU£V£t cV 

AovXsuav §E§i§aKrat. AnACR 



25 



HEXAM. et TETRAM. alternate. 

Albus ut obscure- deterget nubila coelo 
Saepe'Notus, neque parturit imbres 

Perpetubs : sic tu sapiens finire memento 
Tristitiam vitaeque labores 

Molli, Plance, mero : seu te fulgentia signis 
Castra tenent, seu densa tenebit 

Tiburis umbra tui. Hon. 



ELEGIAC. 

YIzttvvgo, ju??£' aiay^poiaiv £7r' epyfiacn jutjS' ciSikohji 

Ti/mag /mri§ apSTag s\icto, /u?jS acjttvog. 
Tavra fxzv ovrwg igQc kcikoigi §e fir) irpoaofiiXu 

Avdpacriv, aXX ai£i tu)v ayaQwv c\£0. 
Kai Toiaiv fitTa 7Tiv£ Kai soOie, Kai jutra tokjiv 

\Z>z, Kai avdave roig wv p.eya\ri Swapig. 
Ea0Xwv fizv yap air tvOXa /JLaOrjatai' r\v Se Aca/coicn 

av/JijuiiyOyg, aTroXtig Kai tov eovra voov. 

Theogn. 



26 



SECTION V. 



CHORIAMBIC METRE. 

The construction of an ordinary Choriambic 
Verse is very simple. Each l Metre, except the 
last, is a Choriambus, and the last" an Iambic* 
Syxygy, entire or Catalectic. 

The Iambic Syzygy is sometimes y found at the 
beginning, and in long Verses, in other places ; 
but this happens less frequently. 



Teyyofievog 
Lydia die 



Kofidg Xvypdg. 
per omnes. 



u A pure Choriambic according to Hephaestion, excludes 
every foot but the proper one. He also says, that a Chori- 
ambus, or even a Dactyl, is found sometimes in the last place ; 
of which he gives examples, but does not recommend such a 
construction. 

x An Iambic Syzygy is here used for two Iambic Feet in suc- 
cession ; but a Spondee and Iambus, or third Epitrite, are often 
thus denoted. 

y "Epujg dvl | kolte fxdxo-v- Soph. Ant. 79S. 

QpevaQ Trdpdairq.Q ettX \<J/3^. Ibid. 804. 

"E/jlol %vveI I rjg $ia irav \ toq Ev<f>pojv. Aj. 715. 

Dr. Morell does not allow an Iambic Syzygy at all in a 
Choriambic Verse, except cor avrnradEiav : which opinion is 
directly contrary to that of Mr. Heath, who admits that there 
is a sympathy between Iambic and Choriambic Metre. 



27 

If any other 2 Foot of four a Syllables is joined 
with a Choriambus, the Verse is then more pro- 
perly called Epi-choriambic. 

z The Ionics and Paeons only excepted. 
Tip\pig EirlffT | at yevoifiav. 
Kov7ror' avdtg dXkd /jl '6 TtdyKdiraQ. 
UolKi\o(f)pov' dddvdr 'AQpohra. 
Jam satis ter | ris nivis at | que dirae. 

If a Paeon is joined with a Choriambus, the Verse has the ap- 
pearance, and, with some, the name of an Epi-choriambic ; but 
is here referred to another Title. 

a In Trimeters, the irregular Feet, according to Hephaestion, 
are usually found at the beginning ; the remainder being a 
regular Choriambic. 

A Double Trochee or second Epitrite are chiefly used. 



28 

CHORIAMBIC SYSTEMS. 

DIM. CAT. 

Ovk troQ, cm yvvaiKeg, 

Uaai KdKoiaiv vpag 

<l>Xto<riv t/caaror avSpeg. 

Auva yap cp-ya opwa-ai 

Aa/uj3avo/i£<r0' vw avrwv. ArISTOPH. 

Videro si novelli 
Versus erit Poetae : 
Lex tamen una Metri est. 
" Inachiae puellae, 
Seu bovis ille custos." 
Colon et hoc in usu 
Carminis est Horati. 

TETRAM. CAT. 

Jane pater, Jane tuens, Dive, biceps, biformis, 
O cate rerum sator, O principium Deorum, 
Stridula cui limina, cui cardinei tumultus, 
Cui reserata mugiunt aurea claustra Mundi. 

Septimius Afer. 

Choriamb. Dim. with Epichoriambic — Tetram. 
Both Catalect. 

Lydia, die, per omnes 
Te Deos oro, Sybarin cur properes amando 
Perdere ? cur apricum 
Oderit campum, patiens pulveris atque Solis ? 

Hor. 



29 



Sapphic System — consisting of Epichoriambic and 
Adonic Verses. 

TloiKi\o(j>pov , aOavar AtypoSira, 
Ylai Aioc SoXo7tXok:e, \iaaofxai <r£, 
Mtj fx araiGi, iultj^ aviaiai Sajuva, 
JJoTvia, Ovfuiov — 
— EX0£ fxoi Kai vvv, ya\e7rav Se Xucov 
Ek fx^ifxvav, baaa §e jllol TtXsaaai 
Gujuoc Ipupu, reXeo-ov, ffv S avra 

avptiayOQ £<T(TO. 



30 



SECTION VI. 



ANTISPASTIC METRE. 

An Antispastic Verse, in its most usual form b , 
is constructed as follows : 

In the first place, beside the proper foot, is 
admitted any foot of four Syllables, ending like 
an Antispastus in the two last Syllables ; i. e. 
eitner w — v_/> — _ — ^t w^ — v^? — ^ v^« 

In the intermediate places, only an Antispastus. 

In the last, an Iambic Syzygy complete or 
Catalectic, or an incomplete Antispastus. 

There is scarce any limit to the varieties in this 
species. The following are the most usual. 

b KXvelv fidie | re. 
tfrepw 7rrjfia.Ta. 
These Penthemimers are called Dochmiac Verses. 

9pw7rou Salvo | repov 7re\£i. Soph. Ant. 340. 

Uovrov x tl ^ I 9 l f v ° T( i>' Ibid. 342. 

These are called Glyconian. 

HXdeg ck 7re | pdruiv yag e \ Xifdvrlvdv. 
This is an Asclepiadean. 

Kpovldd (3d | -alXrjoQ ye \ vog A'idv rov \ dplorov 7r6^ | 
A^lWed. 



31 

1. In short Verses, the proper foot frequently 
vanishes, and the Verse consists of one of the 
above-mentioned c feet and an Iambic Syzygy. 

2. All the Epitrites d , except the second, are 
occasionally substituted in the several places of 
the Verse, particularly the fourth Epitrite in the 
second. 

3. If an Antispastus begins the Verse, and 
three 6 Syllables remain, whatever those Syllables 
are, the Verse is Antispastic, because they may be 
considered as a portion of some of the admissible 
feet, or of some of them resolved. 

4. In long f Verses, an Iambic Syzygy some- 
times occurs in the second place, and then the third 
place admits the same varieties as the first, 

c Klvrjadcrd \ j(d\lvcj. 
This Hephthemimer is called Pherecratian. 

d K.o\tt<I> a illl, | -avd' 'dyvdi Xa | -pireg Kpovia. 
This is Alcmaic. 

e TeywvrJTE \ ov oni. PlND. 

f 'Uplffrrjad j /xev IrpXov \ Xeirrov [juicpdv \ dwoKXaQ. 
This may be divided into two Glyconians. 

For a copious account of the varieties of Antispastic Metre, 
consult Dr. Charles Burney's Tentamen de Metris iEschyli 
[1809], and Professor Gaisford's Notes to his Edition of He- 
phaestion [1810], to which we may also add the exceptions 
taken to the Antispastic Canon by Hermann in his Book De 
Metris [1796], who appears to have been the first that rejected 
the admission of Paeon 3 tms and Double Trochee in prima sede. 
Dr. Burney rejects the former, but allows the latter in certain 
forms of Antispastics. Professor Gaisford also rejects Paeon 3 tlus . 

The best distinction appears to be this. — That the two latter 
forms of the Canon are rarely to be found in Dochmiacs. 

1 



32 

ANTISPASTIC SYSTEMS. 

DIM. ACAT. et HYPERCAT. 

Mr/ (pvvai tov airavra vt- 
-Ka Xoyov' to $ , £7ra (pavrjf 
Brjveu KEidev oOtv tteo 7]KU, 
IloXu Sevrepov, a»c rayiora. 
Qq evt av to vzov 7rapr), 
Kou^ac acppoovvag tyepov, 
Tig 7r\ayyQri noXv/uioyOog f^w ; 

Ogtiq tov ttXeovoq fxepovg 
Xprj&i, rou fXETpiov irapuq, 
Tjwuv, GKcuoavvav tyvXaaawv 
Em tjiioi /caraSrjXoc farcu. 

Kktiq cleXiov, to ko\- *\ 

-Xiotov £7rra7ruXw (bavev f „, 

„ /0 c >Glyconian. 

Uripa rwv irpoTZpuv (j>aog, i 
TL<j>avOriQ hot , it) yjpvGzag J 
'Apeoag (3\e(j)aaov ^ 

At^fcatwv vntp Y Dochmiac. 

Pge^pwv /uoXovcra 3 

ErXa Kai Aavaac ovpaviov (j>(jjg 
AXXa£ai ^efjLag £v ya\ico$£TOig 

AuXaic" KpV7TTOfXBVa S* £V 

Tv/nfiriou Oa\a/j.u) KaTtfevyOri. 
'Lzvydri S o£u)(oXtoc 7rcut o Apuavrog, 

HStoVCOV /3a(TlX£U£, KEQTO/ULlOig 

QjO-yaic, £K Aiovucrou, 

ITfr/oco&a KdTCKppaKTog iv Sfor/iw. SoPH. 



33 



SECTION VII 



IONIC METRE a majore. 

An Ionic Verse admits a Trochaic h Syzygy pro- 
miscuously with it's proper Foot, 

Var. 1. The second' Pceon is sometimes found 
in the first place. And, 

Var. 2. A Molossus ( — ) in an even interme- 
diate place, with a Trochaic Syzygy k following. 

h The Verse never ends with the proper Foot complete : but 
lias either a Trochaic Syzygy, or the proper Foot incomplete. 

Et firj rdSe \ x^po^elKra.. Soph. (Ed. T. 920. 

Has cum gemi | na compede | dedicat ca | tenas. 

Mart. II. 29. 

UXovaiOQ tic | eariv, to /j.e | ya 7rra>/za 0o | fietTaL. 
Pansa optime | Divos cole | vis si bonus | esse. 
These last are Tetrameter Brachycat. called Sotadic Verses. 

1 Tt del fie X o | pevetv. Soph. (Ed. T. 915. 

AiK'dc dtyo J fifJTOQ ovSe. lb. 904. 

II6dc repev | dvQoQ fidXd | kov fiaTEvaai. 
Aei ttvki I vaic dpoaoig. Aj. 1226, 

Aei kclte j yjov dvrjfe \ fiev fyyovc. Ph. 343. 

k This restriction prevents the concurrence of too many long 
Syllables. 

Kal Katcuie d \ vetXiv tov \ HJ/cpdr^v 'o | KoofxoQ. Sotad. 
D 



Si 



Var. 3. The second Pceon is occasionally joined 
to a second or third Epitrite, so that the two Feet 
together are equal in time to two Ionic Feet. This 
is called an Ava/cXa<7ic \ the defect in time of the 
preceding foot being in this case supplied by the 
redundant time of the subsequent. And, 

The Verse so disposed is called Ava/cXa^uvoc. 

Var. 4. Resolutions of the long m Syllable are 
allowed in all possible varieties. 

If the three remaining Pceons, or the second 
Paeon in any place but the first, without an 
Ava/cAacrte : Or, 

If an Iambic n Syzygy or third Epitrite — a Cho- 
riambus, or any of the discordant Feet of four 
Syllables, be found in the same Verse with an 
Ionic Foot, the Verse is then termed Epi-ionic. 

I Mr. Heath has the following Note on Ver. 126 of ^Eschyl. 
Prometh. Vinct. " Nunquam revera AvclkXcutiv locum habere 
posse, nisi in Versu Ionico a minore ;" in which he seems to 
have overlooked this passage of Hephsestion : 

Evior£ Be evaXXa^,, rag lojvucag tcliq Tpo^dUaig 7rapaXafxf3a- 
vovanv, avrt jiev tlov Iwikojv ea& ore rag Sevrepag UaiioriKag 
7rapaXafx[3avovreg, avrt de ruv e^affrjfjaov Tpo^a'iKwv, ead^ ore rag 
kirraarifiovg Tpo^diKag. 

AeSvKe fjisv | 'a aeXavd | Kal TrXfjXd | dig fieaal de. 

m Tlvd 6eov, rXv | "HpJd. Pindar. 

The first foot is a Double Trochee resolved. 

Ti yap ea\xev 6 | Awe, r? 7ro£a- | 7rr)g yeyovapev J vXrjg ; 
"Zroyaaai Kara j oeavrov, ro /3i J (oriKor vo- | rjaag. 

II Quid 5 miser j te perdis a j more frustra. 



35 

TONIC SYSTEMS. 
TRIM. BRACHYC. 
nXr/prjg uev tcJHiiveQ a aeXava, 
Al & log irepi j3wuov tGraOrioav. SAPPH. 

TETRAM. BRACHYC. 
Et /ecu fiaaiXtvQ irzfyvKaq, uq Qvyitoq aKovaov. 
* Eav ^pvvotyopriQ, tovto rvyr\c; ecrriv sirapfxa. 
Eav a\aZovyg 9 tovt avoiaq £ari (j>pvay/ua. 
Eav $£ crw^pov^c, rouro wwv ctjpov vwapyti. 
H crw^pocruvrj 7rap£CJTiv, £av /ufrprjg crfavrov. 

2(o/coar?jv o KOGfxoq TniroiYiKzv aocpov uvai, 
Kai KaKtog avuXev tov ^(OKparrjv o kog/llog, 
Ev ry tyvXaiaj, kiovuov on irnov tsOvyiks. 
Kvveg 01 Kara Goa/ajv Eupi7Tic\?v erpojyov. 
Tov Qtiov O/uijpov Xtuoc Kar£Sa7ravr?(X£v. 
AyaOog, tvtyviw, SiKaioq, zvTvyjiq og eav y, 
Tov (j)9ovov \a(3eiv Set p,epi$a, fiwfxov eyeiv S«. 

SOTAD. 

Tradunt homines, Secta quibus Pytbagorea est, 
Arcana secuti pbysicis remota causis, — 
Voces numeri non similes habere summas ; 
Et nomina tradunt ita literis peracta, 
Haec ut numeris pluribus, ilia sint minutis, 
Quandoque subibunt dubise pericla pugnse, 
Major numerus qua steterit, favere palmam ; 
Praesagia lethi, minima patere summa ; 
Sic Patroclon olim Hectorea manu perisse, 
Sic Hectora tradunt cecidisse mox Achilli. 

Terent. 

* Eav must be pronounced as one Syllable. Some Editions 
have ay. 

D 2 



36 



SECTION VIII. 



IONIC METRE a minore. 

An Ionic Verse a minore is often entirely com- 
posed of it's proper feet q . It admits however 
an Iambic Syzygy r promiscuously, and begins 
sometimes with the third Pceon % followed by one 
of the Epitrites for AvcucXaoiQ '. 

A Molossus sometimes occurs in the beginning u 
of the Verse ; and also in the odd places, with an 
Iambic Syzygy preceding x . 

q "OXecaZ teal \ tcotI \x\v b"£, \ el X^ K V I K£(j)dXav. Phryn. 

Miserarura est | neque amori | dare ludum | neque vino. Hor. 

r '"OjxavXog 'up | 'ij7rep <jj yjpv j via. Soph. CEd. T. 197. 
KaXop o^ifxaatv hehopKiag. Eur. 

s *2iT£<pav<jJv d | wtov y\vKvv. Pind. Olym. 5. 

Xa\£7rw£ e J pdjc, fiddi^ovT eKeXtvae crvvrpe^eiv. 
The AvclkXcktiq here is double. 

1 In this Metre an ApaKXaatg is indispensable, if a Paeon tertius 
begins the Verse. In Ionic a majore, when a second Paeon be- 
gins, though an AvcacXaffig is strictly regular, it is there less 
required, because the Ictus upon the first syllable supplies, in 
some degree, the absence of Quantity in prima sede. 

u rdXXal fxrj j rpog opelrjg \ <ptX6Qvpaol j Spdfj-ddeg. 

x To prevent the concurrence of too many long Syllables : 
"E/ze (pevyov | vtv dvSpig 'wg | opvldeg [ /idXaKol. 



37 



In the intermediate places, a second or third 
Pceon y is prefixed to a second Epitrite, and this 
construction is called Ava/cXa<ric, as before. 

Resolutions of the long Syllables are allowed 
in this, as in the other, Ionic Metre. 

An Epionic Verse a minore is constituted by in- 
termixing with the Ionic Foot a Double Trochee z , 
second Epitrite*, or Paeon without an AvcikXckjiq. 



VERSUS PROSODIACUS. 

When a Choriambus precedes or follows an 
Ionic Foot of either kind, the name Epionic is 
suppressed, and the Verse called Prosodiacus b . 
And, in general, 

This name is applied to a verse consisting of an 
alternate mixture of Choriambic and Ionic Feet, 
or of their respective representatives. 

N.B. The two species of Ionic Feet are not to 
be intermixed in the same Verse. 

y Hvdofidv ical I tcdredvv e \ pvrd (pevyujv. 
~E-%e~t [xev'Av | ctpo/jLedd ko. | Xdv d/iolfidv. Sapph. 

N. B. This latter Verse agrees with Hephaestiorrs Canon, 
p. 47. 

a/3a/3. aa/3a. /3a/3/3. 

z Ti kl-kXtjgiujj | race' ettojpv [ f.iov. Soph. Aj. 219. 

a Tdv(? 'erolfidv \ 'ocov ovkItX. 

b Aeivov rl to | fxriydvoev. 

Tiyvaq 'vTrep | eA^tc' e^uiy. Soph. Ant. 371. 
Meyag Apfjg \ cHE,16o-eI \ pog. lb. 144. 

"Glpalc -rrdXty | i'^di'vrre'ic | xp^oc. (Ed. T. 160. 



38 



IONIC SYSTEMS. 
DIM. 

AoKipog § ovric virocrrag 

Mt-yaXw jOEUjUari (Jhotiov, 

E^upoic spKEGiv sipyetv 

Afiayov KVfxa SaXacrcnjc* 

hirpoaoiGTOQ yap o TlspcTtov 

2roaroc, a\Ki<j>pu)v rt Xaoc. AvafcXayi. 

AoXoju»jnv £' a7rarav 0£ou 

Tic av>?p dvaroq aXv^u ; 

Tig o /coai7rvw 7ro&i 7t>7^j7- 

fACLTOQ £V7T£T£0C avaKTdwv ; .ZESCHYL. 

EttiSoi 8' AprfjUic a-yva 

2roXov oiKTi^o/j.eva' fiyo 

Ytt avayKag 

Ta/ioc eX%i KuSeohoc' 

^rvyepov tteXei roS a$\ov. AvaKXwju. 

Kv7rpi$og £ ou/c 

A^ueXa y eafiog o§ £u^>pa>v, 

Auvarcu -yap 

Aioc ayyiGTa aw Hpa. 

Ticrai & aioXojurjric 

Gtoc £f>yoic £?ri atjixvoig. .zEsCHYL c . 



c In Ionic Systems a minore, the IWa^aa goes through the 
System, as in the Anapaestic. 

In Trochaics also. See iEsciiYL. Eum. 520. Mr. Dawes 
extends it to all Dimeters, whether Systematic or not. 



39 



Dimeters. 



Diomedem modo magnum 
Dea fecit, Dea belli 
Dominatrix, Phrygas omnes 
Ut in armis superaret. 
Patulis agmina campis 
Jacuerunt data letho. 



Tetram. et Dim. 

Eques ipso melior Bellerophonte, neque pugno 
Neque segni pede victus, simul unctos Tiberinis 

Humeros lavit in undis : 
Catus idem per apertum fugientes agitato 
Grege cervos jaculari, et celer alto latitantem 

Fruticeto excipere aprum. 

Hon. Lib. III. Ode 12 d . 

A See the Notes in Dr. Bentley's Edition. 



40 



NOTE (B.) 

As Mr. Heath's account of the Ionic Verse is different from 
the account here given, it may be proper to explain the reason 
of this difference. His rule is this : — " Versus Ionicus a minore 
purus, aut ex solis Ionicis constat, aut Syzygias etiam Trocha- 
icas post pedem primum admittit." — " Ionicum etiam purum 
non rard claudit Syzygia Trochaica integra sive catalecta." 

To the admission of the Trochaic Syzygy, the following con- 
siderations are opposed on the authority of Hephaestion : — To 
£e a7r' e\aaaovog Iiovikov, ovvt&etcli jjiev fcai Kadapov, ffvvriderai 
Be /ecu £7ruiikTov irpog rag Tpo^diicag BnroBiag OYT122, oxtte rr\v 
7rpo Tt]g Tpo^a'iKr}g aei yiveadai TrevTaarijiov, tovt eari, rpirriv 

TVaHj)VlKt)V. 

It appears from hence, that a Trochaic Syzygy has nothing 
to do with the [Kadapov], the first sort of Verse here described ; 
and is only introduced when Pceon tertius begins, and the Verse 
is AvclkXoj fievov. This is further confirmed in a subsequent 
passage of Hephaestion, in which he gives this Canon for a pure 
Ionic Verse : 

a/3a/3. aa/3/3. aa/3/3. 
/3/3a/3. aa/3/3. aa/3/3. 

Kadapov fxev ovrog rov Icjvikov, tovto. — Which plainly shews 
Hephaestion's opinion to be, that an Iambic Syzygy [and not a 
Trochaic] is the legitimate companion of the Ionic Foot a 
minore. 



41 



SECTION IX. 



PHONIC METRE. 

A Phonic Verse requires all the admissible Feet e 
to have the same Rhythm with its proper foot, 
L e. to consist of Jive times. 

Pceon primus and quartus are mostly used, but 
not in the same Verse. 

The construction of this Verse is most perfect 
when each Metre ends with the several words of 
the verse, as was before remarked of Anapaestic 
Metre. 

To this head may be referred those Verses, 
which are called by some Authors Bacchiac f and 
Cretic g Verses ; and of which Dr. Bentley takes 
notice in his Preliminary Dissertation on the 
Metres of Terence. 

e Hore XP° V V I GTtptoQpwv. Soph. Aj. 938. 
Xaipe Br) | jiovad "%p6vX \ d [lev *rj | -ke'lq 'dfiuig. 
M.dicdpXov | adcbldg | ttoQXvov ear \ dwrov. Cratin. 

N. B. The preceding alternate mixture of Paeon 4 tus . and 
Bacchius, constitutes the most harmonious Paeonic Verse. 

The first Paeon is chiefly intermixed with Cretics, being never 
found at the end of a Verse. 

f IIpoc dXXdv | & eXavvel \ deog avfi \ tyopdv rda \ -Be Kpelaau. 

Eur. Hel. 648. 

Z'Ayvdrj | aeiv fxev ov j a eXirofiai. lb. 

Sot fxev ev \ -'nnrog ev \ -ttojXoq iy \ yeairaXog. 

Those Verses, in which Paeons of different sorts occur, are 
harsh and anomalous. 



12 

P.EONIC SYSTEMS. 
TETRAM. CAT. 

Q jULCLKClpl AvTO[XEVEQ % W£ GE UaKap(£oU6l>, 

TlatSag ttyvrtvaag on yEiporEyjuiKbiraTovq. 
Tlpwra (xev cnrciGi <f>i\ov, av$pa te GofywraTOv, 
Tov /ctSaoaoioorarov, w yupiq e^egtteto. 
Tov S' i)7roKpiTiiv ertpov apyaXeov, J>c (70</>ov. 
Etr' Api(ppa$riv, ttoXu tl Su/uoao^x/cwrarov. 
Ovriva 7ror' wuotTE, fxazovTa irapa prj^Evog f 

AXX' U7TO GO$r\Q <pVOE(i)Q aVTOfACLTOV EKfXG&ElV. 

Eto-t rtv£c ot fi eXsyov, wc /caraSirjXXayrjv, 

HvifCa KXfWV {l VTTETapaTTEV ETTlKElfXEVOQ. 

Kai /t£ KCLKiaraiQ ekvige' Ka%' , o r airE^Eipofx-qv 
Ouctoq, sycXwv /HEya KEKpayora jule ^eujjxevoi, 
Ouo£v ap Efiov jueXov' OGOV §£ fXOVOV El&EVCLl, 
^Kaffl/LiaTlOV El 7TOTE Tl SXlfio/ilEVOQ EKpaXXd). 

Aristoph. 

CKETIC SYSTEM. 

Strophe Antistr. 

fypovTiaov, Kai yEVOv MrjK tc\?c jx f£ E$pav 

UaV$lK(i)Q EVGE^T)Q Uu\vBeU)V pVGia- 

Upo^Evog, rav <pvya§a -gSeigciv, w irav Kparoq e- 

Mr/ TrpoSwc;, Tav ekoXev ~% 0)V y^ovoq. Tvcodi & vjjpiv 

E/c/3oXaic AvEpwv 

&vg9eoiq op/nEVJV, Kai (pv\a^.ai kotov. 

/EsCHYL. 



43 



OF THE CESURAL PAUSE. 

Besides the division of the Verse into Metres and 
Feet, there is another division into two parts 
only, owing to the natural intermission of the 
voice in reading it, and relevant to the Rhyth- 
mical effect. This is called the Pause, which 
necessarily ends with a word ; and its distance 
from the beginning is generally, though not inva- 
riably, determined by the length of the Verse. 

Heroic Verses and Trimeter h Iambics are es- 
teemed most harmonious, when the Pause falls 
upon the first syllable of the third Foot. This is 
the Penthemimeral Caesura. When it falls upon 
the first Syllable of the Fourth, it is called the 
Hephthemimeral. In Iambic and Trochaic Te- 
trameters, its place is at the end of the second 
Metre. These rules are more observed by the 
Roman * than Greek Poets. In Anapaestic k 
Verses, and Pseonic, no place is assigned to the 
Pause ; because, since the Metres (if rightly con- 
structed) end with a word, the effect of a Pause 
will be produced at the end of each Metre. The 
same may be observed of Ionic a minore. 

h In the Trimeters of iEschylus, in page viii, the last Verse 
only has the Hephthemimeral Caesura. 

65= In reading Trimeter Iambics, let the remaining portion 
of the Verse, which follows the Csesural Syllable, be read as 
if it was Trochaic. 

1 Of the first twenty Verses of the iEneid, sixteen are thus 
constructed : — of the Iliad, only seven. 

k In determining the Pause of an Anapaestic Verse, I have 
been used to consider it as a Dactylic Jcephalous, which leads 
to the same conclusion as above. 
1 



44 



CHAPTER II 



SECTION I. 

When the Student has committed to memory 
the rules of the nine principal Metres contained 
in the preceding Chapter, he must next inform 
himself in their various Compositions and Modi- 
fications. 

Of these, the first that we shall remark is the 
insertion of a long Syllable between the parts of a 
Verse a consisting of similar Metres. 



a INSTANCES, 

First — the common Pentameter — which has also a long 
syllable at the end, and which cannot be called a Pentameter, 
unless we consider the two long syllables as constituting one 
Metre. 

From the common Pentameter, some writers derive that sort 
of Verse which is found in the first Ode of Horace, by omitting 
the last syllable. Terentian rejects this method as vague and 
indeterminate ; the latter requiring invariably a Spondee, fol- 
lowed by a Dactyl in the first portion, and the Pentameter being 
subject to no such restriction. 

Secondly — Portions of Trochaic Verses divided by an inter- 
mediate long Syllable : 

O co | Ionia I quae cup J is | ponte | ludere | longo. 

Troch, Hkphth.+Troch. Hemihol. 

Catnll. 

Thirdly, 



45 



Secondly — In some species b , the portions of an 
admissible Foot of four Syllables are separated by 
the intermediate Metres. 



Thirdly — Portions of Iambic Verses divided in the same 
manner : 

Super alt | a vec | tus A | tys ) celeri | rate ma | ria. 

This Verse of Catullus is called Galliambus, and the Ode varies 
according to the following type : 



Iamb. 
Anap. 
Spond. 



Iamb. 


Iamb. 


Syll. 


Iamb. 


Iamb. 


Trib. 






Anap. 
Spond. 


Trib. 



Iamb. 



b Thus a peculiar species of Choriambic Verse is formed by 
interposing the proper feet between the parts of an Epitrite or 
Iambic Syzygy. 

Qlvov | & i^ETrXov | Kci^ov. Alc 

'AvdpeQ | yap noXedjg | Trvpyog "Aprj | "iog. 
Audi | vi veterem | virum. 
Maece | nas atavis — edite re | gibus. 
Tu ne | quaesieris | scire nefas | quern mihi quern | tibi. 

In referring these verses to the Choriambic species, I comply 
with the sentiments of Terentian and the old Grammarians. 
Hephcestion would have them called Antispastic. 



46 



SECTION II. 

In the examples adduced in the last Section, 
each portion is of the same species ; but it hap- 
pens not unfrequently, that two species, totally 
dissimilar, are united in the same Verse, which is 
then denominated A2YNAPTHT02< 



c Though Mr. Heath extends this name to verses whose parts 
are homogeneous, the Etymology of the word induces me to 
confine it to the examples of this Section. 

INSTANCES. 

N. B. The mark is used to connect the names of the dis- 
similar portions. 

1. Dactyl. Tetram.+Troch. Hemihol. 

Toioq yap <hCkoTr)-OQ epu>g vtto j Kapctrjv eXvcrdeic. Arch. 

Solvitur acris hyems grata vice | veris et Favoni. 

2. Iambic Penth. + Troch. Hemihol. 

Xatpovaa vvfupri | -^aiperu) c 6 yajj,j3pog. Sapph. 

Trahuntque siccas | machinae carinas. 

3. Dactyl. Dim. + Troch. Monom. or Logaoedic 

Verse. 

N^'i (poprjfieda | aw fjLtkaivij. Alc. 

Flumina constite j rint acuto. 

4. Dactylic Comma prefixed to an Iambic Dim. 

which is called Elegiambus. 
AXXa \jl 6 Xv(7ifieXr]c j w 'raipe cafxrarai TroQog. Arch. 

Scribere versiculos J amore perculsum gravi. 

5. Iamb. 



47 



The adiaphoric Syllable is sometimes found in 
Verses of this sort, at the end of the first member, 
particularly in the Elegiambus d , and in the first e 
instance of this Section. 



5. Iamb. Dim. \ prefixed to a Dactylic 

or Iamb. Penth. ) Comma. The converse of 
the former, and called Iambelegus. 

Nivesque deducunt Jovem | nunc mare nunc syliiae. 
K\£7TT0V(ri fxvdovg | ol jjieyaXot flaaiXeig. 

6. Dactylic Comma.-!- Iamb. Hemihol. 

2r?7pt££i Ttore rq& | ayiovito tr)(o\q.. Aj. 195. 

7. Iamb. Penth.+Dactyl. Dim. 

To [xev yap evdev \ Mfia KvXivSerai. Alc. 

Vides ut alta | stet nive candidum. 

2. When the parts thus united are an Iambic and Trochaic 
Syzygy, the verse is called Periodic or Circulating ; the quan- 
tity being the same, if it can be scanned from the end. 

HXdov OeXrj | (rag typovijoag. 

d See verse 10 of Epod. XI. Hor. 

Arguit et latere | petitus imo spiritus. 

e Kcu [Jr](T(Tag opeiov (HvcnranraXovg | olog rjv e(f >//3»7£. 

Mr. Heath, however, is of opinion that this licence is inad- 
missible. 



48 



SECTION III. 

When a Verse is so irregular, as to contain in 
it some glaring violation of the preceding insti- 
tutes, the last resource of the Student is to call it 
UoXvayjifxaTKJTOQ, or Anomalous. 

To this title may be referred, 

1. A Verse, otherwise Iambic, having a Spon- 
dee in the second or fourth place. 

2. An Iambus in a Trochaic, &c. 

Most of the verses of Terence are Anomalous, of 
the Iambic and Trochaic kind. 

There is a species of Irregular Iambic, used by the Poet 
Hipponax, called Scazon or Choliambus, which deviates from 
the Canon only in the last Foot. 

Fit Scazon, si Spondeo prior exit Iambus. 
AKovaa&' 'Yirir J uvclktoq ov | yap aXX fjKlO. 

Eyuot fiEv ovk edojKag ovte rav -)(\aivav 
Aaaeiav, ev ^eifxojvt tyap/xaKov piyevc, 
Ovr affKepyai tovq iro^ag haaeirjaiv 
~Eicpv\paQ, wQ fxii fxot yjLfxtrka yiyvrjrai. 

Nee fonte labra prolui caballino, 

Nee in bicipiti somniasse Parnasso 

Memini, ut repente sic Poeta prodirera. 

Heliconidasque, pallidamque Pirenen 

Illis remitto, quorum imagines lambunt 

Hederse sequaces. Ipse semipaganus 

Ad sacra Vatum carmen afFero nostrum. Persius. 



49 



SECTION IV. 

Let us now, by a familiar process, illustrate what 
has been already advanced, and apply it to the 
second Olympic Ode of Pindar. 

Verse 1. * AvaZtyopjunyyzQ v/uvou 

I observe the second place, and find there an 
Iambus. The same in the first ; — but I am pre- 
vented from calling it an Iambic Verse, by the 
Trochee in the third. At the same time, I perceive 
it cannot be either Anapaestic or Dactylic. I next 
try the double Feet, and proceed through the nine 
species without success. I then consider whether 
it may not be of the compound species ; and find- 
ing it composed of an Iambic and Trochaic Sy- 
zygy, I lastly pronounce it a Versus Periodicus, or 
Circulating Dimeter. 

Ver. 2. Twa Oeov, *rtv J Hpwa. 

Each species fails, till I come to the Ionic 
a majore ; then counting the Metres, I discover 
it to be Ionic Dimeter Catalectic ; the first long 
Syllable of the double Trochee being resolved. 

Ver. 3. Tiva $ av$pa I KeXaSriGO | /nsv. 

This is found to be Paeon. Dim. Hyper. 

The process being repeated, the result is as 
follows : 

Ver. 4. "Hrol Uwa | fikv Aioc. Chor. Dim. Cat. 

5. "OAu fxiriaZ a | tT eara — Iamb. Dim. Brachyc. 

6. — (rev ' Hpa/cXe | r)Q. Dochmiac. 

E 



50 



7. 


AKpoOtva 1 7roA^uou. 


Antisp. D. B. 


8. 


Qiipwva Se | TJET-jOaoptac 


Prosod. Dim. 


9. 


w Evf/ca vi | Kct^>opou 


Paeon. Dim. 


10. 


TeytovriTt | ov oVi, 


Antisp. Dim. Cat 


11. 


Aikcuov £f | vov, 


Dochmiac. 


12. 


Epeiffju A/cpa J "yavroc, 


Antisp Dim. B. 


13. 


Euw J vv^iwv r£ 7raT£ | pwv 


Iamb. Dim. C. 


14. 


"Awrov op | 0O7ToAlV. 


Iamb. Dim. B. 



ANTISTROPHE. 

1. Kcfjuovrsc ol 7roXXa ^v/uto 

2. Itpov say^ov oi/crj^ua 

3. TloTafjiou, ^iKtXiag t zaav 

4. 0(j)9a\juog' aiu)v r s(j>£- 

5. -7T£ flOpGlfXOQ, TrXoVTOV 

6. Te /cat x a P lv a y MV 

7. r^ciaie, £7r apeTaig. 

8. AAA w Koovt£, 7rat Pfac, 

9. Eo\)C. OAv^l7TOU VEjULlDV, 

10. AfOAwv T£ KOpV(j>ClV, 

11. E[opov r A\<f)Zov, 

12. Iav0£tg aoi&aic, 

13. Eu^owv apoupav £ri 7ro- 

14. -TpiaV (JCpHJIV KOfillGOV. 

This is the method (with some little variation) of the Oxford 
Edition. 

I will afford the Student an opportunity of comparing it with 
Hermann's method, without taking upon me to decide between 
them. If he should prefer the latter, he will have to learn 
many Combinations of Feet, and new Terms, which do not fall 
within the compass of the preceding pages. 

In the Strophe, Hermann alters the form of all the Verses 
but five, and objects to the names given by the Scholiast to 
three of these five. 

AicpoOiva TToXe/jiov he does not admit to be Ionic, (in which per- 
haps he is right). And he is not content that Teywrrfreov owi, 
and Epnarfx A»cpayavroc, should be classed with Antispastics. 



51 



1. Ava^KJtopfiiyyeg v/ulvoi, 
2. 3. Tiva Seov, riv Jlpuya, riva S avSpa /ceXaSrja'OjUEV. 
a z s* ^Hroi Yliaa f.itv 

tAiog' OXu^ii7ria8a §' £<Tra(j£v 'Hpa/cXcrjc 
7. A/cpoSiva ttoXe^ou. 
8. 9. 0r/pa>va St Tsrpaopiag svzica vucacfropov 

10. r£yWV»?TfOV 07TI, 

11. Aiaccuov %evov, 

12. Eocio/i' AicpayavTOQ, 

13. 14. Evwvuuwv re 7rar£pcov awrov opOo/roXiv. 

Hermann's reason for altering the 2d and 3d is contained in 
the following words : " Qui vulgo secundus Stropharum versus 
est, is ultimam ubique brevem habet, ter etiam in diviso voca- 
bulo, v. 74. 110. 146. ut facile appareat, eo loco non fuisse an- 
cipitem syllabam a Pindaro adhibitam, sed numerum ulterius 
processisse. 

" Neque ille commode finiri poterat ante finem tertii versus 
[qui vulgo numeratur] in quo ultima communis finiendum nu- 
merum docet." 

Instead of the 4th, 5th, and 6th, he makes two — the first 
he calls an Iambic Penthemimer — and the second he presents 
in the shape of a very complex Asynartete. But he gives it 
no name. He says only, it consists of Paeon 4.+Antisp.+ 
Dochmiac. 

To the 8th and 9th, which he joins, he gives no name. He 
joins also the 13th and 14th. 



52 



EPODOS. 

1. Aot7ry yzvei. TW Sc TrtTrpayjULtvwv, Chor. T. Br. 

2. Ev Suca re Kai net pa Siicav, Troch. D. Ac. 

3. Awoirjrov ov$ av Antisp. D. Br. 

4. Xjoovog, o 7ruvT(i)v irarr]p } Paeon. D. Ac. 

5. /\vvairo Sf/x£v Epywv teXoc' Iamb. D. Ac. 

fAsynartet. 

6. Actfla $£ ttot/jlu) gvv zv^aifJiovi yzvoir av.< Iamb.Syzygy. x 

{2. Troch. Syz. 

7. EaSAwv yap vwo yapfxaruyv Prosod. 

f Asynartet. 

8. Urifxa Svacr/ca iraXiyKorov §a/JiaG§ev. \ Trochaic Syz. + 

l2lamb.Syz.Cat. 



Hermann alters the Epodes thus : making Six Verses instead 
of Eight. 

1. Aonro) yevei. Twv £e TrETvpayfiEvuv, 

2. Ev Sikq re fcai irapa hiKav, a^oiryrov ovV av 

3. Xpovog, 6 navTiov 7rarr)p, cvvatro defiev epywv reXog. 

4. Aa0a £e TrorjJiu) aw evZaijiovt yevoir av. 

5. ILaQXiov yap v7ro ^apfxaid^v Trri/xa dvaaKei 

6. UaXiyKorov cafiaadev. 

" In Epodo 2 dus . et 3 tlus . versus conjungi debebant propter 
divisionem vocabulorum, v. 138. 174. 

" Et ita etiam, v. 103. elegantius enclitica rig ab initio versus 
removetur. Pariter, v. 4. et 5. conjunximus propter v. 104. 
Denique quod in ultimis versibus aliam dispositionem secuti 
sumus, duae causae fuerunt ; primum, ne in eodem versu ana- 
crusis thesin exciperet, 

flr/^ia dvatrKet | iraXcyKorov hafxaaQev. 

qui asperior numerus est ; deinde, quia hoc loco, quo nos divi- 
simus, ubique verbum terminating quod non est in vetere metri 
descriptione." 



53 



NOTE (C.) 

This Specimen will serve to illustrate the two Methods. The 
leading principle of Hermann's scheme had been pointed out by 
Dawes in his Misc. Critica, who rejects the adiatyopia in the 
measure of the Pindaric Odes. Hermann does not entirely re- 
ject the adicupopia, but supposes the Hvva(pEta to go on, till you 
come to a word proper to finish the Verse, without violating the 
quantity of Middle Syllables. 

It would certainly be desirable (as may be inferred from what 
Hephaestion says in his Chapters Hepi Koivyiq and Hept Anode- 
crEioq) to avoid the violation of quantity in middle syllables at 
the end of a Verse : 

'Paov fJtEP ovv yiverai f] roiavrrj kolvyi, eiye evWafir] eig fxepoQ 
Xoyov sir} 7rETT€paTcojjLEyri, cnraviu)TEpov Se etti \LEvr)c, Xe^eojq. 

E7ri\r/7rra eoti tcl rotavra. — Taura jjlev ovv ejeveto Sia rrjv Tiov 
ovofiarwv avayKr)v' ov yap EVEyupEi. 

In this view Hermann's method has the advantage ; and a 
probable cause of defect in the old Scansion is this, that it was 
chiefly adapted to the first Strophe and first Epode, without 
examining the Ode throughout. On the other hand, the sort 
of Verses that arise out of Hermann's plan, (as far as Pindar is 
concerned) will sometimes be so complicate and indeterminate, 
that he is obliged to obviate this objection by referring the forms 
of them to the supreme power of the Poet. At the same time 
he is free to confess, that Pindar does condescend " multas ver- 
suum formas ab antiquioribus poetis accipere." It will there- 
fore be competent for the Student to try the established Rules, 
at least so far as these Verses are concerned. 



54 

SECTION V. 

Remarks on the foregoing . 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

M. Mon. — D. Dim. — T. Trim. — C. Cat. — B. Brachyc. — 
H. Hyper. 

In the Odes of Pindar, and those of the Greek 
Tragedians, the Poet does not always use the same 
identical Feet in the corresponding Verses of the 
Strophe and Antistrophe ; but is content if the 
Metres agree so far as to consist of Feet Equiva- 
lent, or, in cases of resolution, Isochronal, 

Thus in Olymp. 2. 

Ver. 5. OAvprmSa S* £(7ra Iamb. D. B. 

6. — (76 v "HpaicXzris. Dochm. 

The second Foot of the Iambic is resolved in 
the Strophe. 

And the third long Syllable of the Dochmiac 
in the Antistrophe ; 

-we ixopaifxoq 7rAovrov 
T£ Kai \apiv ayojv. 

Soph. Phil. 174. NodEi /mev voaov aypiav — Glyc. 

Stiktwv 7] \aaiiov fxera- 

Fourth Epitrite in the first Foot of the Anti- 
strophe of this and the following. 

Eur .HeC 445. Ar£ irovroTropovQ KOfiiZfiiQ — Antisp. D. H. 

Kw7Ttt TTZjULWO/UtVaV rakaivav — 



55 

SECTION VI. 
SOPH. (ED. TYR. Vers. 151. 

STROPHE 1. 

Q Aioc aSvtirriQ fyari, tiq 7rore Tag iroXv^pvaov 

Dactyl. Hex. 

UvOojvog ayXaag zfiag Iamb. D. 

Or/j3ac ; tKTcTdfJiai (j>o(5epav <j>peva, Dact. Tetr. 

Aa/xari naXXiov, Dact. D. 

Ir) | 18, Aa | Xis, Tlai | av, Anap. D. C. 

A/JL<j)i (tol a^OjUEvog* tl /Hoi t) v£Oi>, Dactyl. Tetr. 
H 7r£piTeX\oj.isvaig wpaic 7raX».v Dactyl. Tetr. 

E£avv(T£tc Xpzoq' Dactyl. Dim. 

Ei7TE fjLOi, o) ^pvatag tzkvov eXiricog, Dactyl. Tetr. 
Alport <Pap,a. Dactyl. Dim. 

ANT1STROPHE 1. 

YlpUTCL (7£ K£/cXo/U£VOC, SvjdTBp AtOC, dfxfipOT P&ava, 

Taiaoyov r a&eXfcav 
ApTi/MV, a. kvkXozvt ayopag 3povov 

JLvkXlCI SaC7(T£l* 

Kai <I>oe | |3ov £/ca | |3oAov. iw | iw. 
Tpia-ffoi aX&i/mopoi irpo^avrfrt f.101, 

El7TOT£ Kill TTpOTEpag CLTCLQ VTTEp 
OpVVJJ.£VCLQ 7ToXei 

Hvvaar EKTOiruiv (pXoya 7r»tyiaT0C, 
EX$£r£ /cat vvv. 

In former Editions of this Book, in conformity to all the 
Editions of Sophocles, the principal part of this Ode was ex- 
hibited in the Monostrophic Form. It is now printed as con- 
structed Kara S^civ, which construction (I am of opinion) the 
Poet originally intended. The alterations are few, and some of 
them supported by authorities. 



56 



STROPHE 2. 

Q ttottoC | avapiQ | -fxa yap (pepw Anap.+Iamb. 

n^ara' vo<x£i & Iamb. Penth. 

Moi irpoiraq trroXoc' ov§ evi Period. 

Q>povTL§og zyxog, Dactyl. Dim. 

Qi tic aXe^erai' ovre yap ticyova Dact. Tetr. 
KAarac * yOovog av^rai, ovte tokoigiv Anap. D. Hyp. 

Irjiwv Iamb. Mon. 

KajuLarwv aveyovvi yvvaiKEQ, Paroem. 

AXXov § av aXXto Iamb. Penth. 

TIpoGiSoig, airep evirrspov opviv, Paroem. 

KpeiGCTOv afiaijuiaKBTOv Trvpog opptvov Dactyl. Tetr. 

Afcrav wpoc eawEpov Otovf. Iamb. Hephth. 



ANTISTROPHE 2. 

Qv 7to\iq avapiJfxog oWvrai * 
Nr/Xfa $£ yeveBXa 
TIpoc weSio Savarrifyopu) 
Karat avoiKTiog' 

Ev §' aXo^oi 7roXiai r £7ri fxarep^q 
A/crav irapa (3u)fxiov aXXodev aXXeu 
Avypiov wov(t)v 

iKTtJpeg ZTTlGTOVayOVGl' 

Tlaitov 0£ Xafjnrei 

^rovozaaa re yrjpvg o/mavXog' 

'Qv virzp, a) "fcpvata Svyarep Aioe, 

Eua>7ra, 7T£/u*//ov aX/cav* 



* Vulg. KXvrae. 

f Of.ov. One syllable. 



57 



STROPHE 3. 

Apea T£ tov fjiaXepov, 
Og vvv a^aX/cog cKnriSwv 
<&\ey£i juf 7T£pif3or)TOQ avTiatwy, 
YiaXiaavrov cpajxrifxa vomeral irarpag 
Anovpov, ur £Q p,£yav 
OaXajuov AjuKpiTpirag, 
Etr' eq tov cnrot,£vov op/nov 
QpriiKiov /cXuSwva* 
TsXa yap si ti vu£ a<j>y t 
Tovt £ir 17/iap fp^trat. 
Tov, to irvpcpoptjjv aarpcnrav 
Ta Kparr] v£fx(jjv, Z*£v 
riarep, viro aw <j>%igov KEpavvw' 

ANTISTROPHE 3. 

AvK£i ava£, ra T£ * era 

Xpvao<xrpo<£(i>v ci7r ayKvXwv 

BcXs' aSa/uacrra *)" SfXoi^u' av tySarfttrSai, 

Apwya TTjOOOTaSEvra, rag Se 7rup^opouc 

AprEfAi^OQ aiyXag, aw alq 

Avku op£a Siavau J* 

Tov y^pvaofiirpav te /a/cXrj<7/ca> 

TatrS £7twvi^uov yac, 

Oiva>7ra Ba/c^ov Ewoi/, 

MaivaSwv juovootoXov, 

ntXaerSrjvai ^Xsyovra <ruv 

A-yXaw7ri ir£VKa 

E7TI TOV aTlfXOV £V Z£OlQ X£OV §. 



Iamb. Hem ih. 
Iamb. D. 
Iamb. T. C. 
Iamb. T. 
Period. C. 
Antisp. Hemih. 
Parcem. 
Antisp. Hemih. 
Iamb. D. 
Troch. D. C. 
Antisp. D. 
Antisp. Hemih. 
Iamb. D. Hyp. 



* Ta re aa. Brunck. 

"|~ Al. Be\r) de^otf!' ay adaptor' evSareKrOai. 
J Al. AvkC opr) SiavaEt — if the Synaeresis of diaacrti should 
be objected to. 

§ Qeov. One syllable. 



58 

SOPH. (ED. TYR. Vers. 471. 

STROPHE & ANTISTROPHE 1. 

Tic ovtiv a 0£(T7ri£7THa Chor. D. H. 

AtXcpig £t7T£ irzroa Troch. Hemih. 

ApprfT appr)TWV Dact. D. H. 

TeXsaavra (poiviaiai yzpaiv \ Iamb. D. H 

Qpa viv a J £AAo7toSwv [ nnruv Pros. T. B. 
l£%£vapi*)T£ I pov <j>vya | 7roo\i vwfxav. Pseon. T. Acat. 

Evo7rXoc yap E7T avrov £7T£ySjO(i><7/ca Anap. D. 

Uvpi Kai GTEooiraiGi Aiog ysvtrag. Anap. D. 

Aeivai $' a/Li tfrovrai Anap. Mon. Hyp. 

Krjpeg avaw\aKr)TOi Anap. Mon. Hyp. 

STROPHE & ANTISTROPHE 2. 

Auva fjitv ovv Seiva rapaaaei Paroem. 

2o<£oc oiwvoSfrag' Anap. Mon. H. 

Out£ cWouvr ovt awotyaGKOv - Parcem. 

S ? - on Xe£w S' airopto, Anap. Mon. H. 

n£ro/uai 8' £X7rtffiv, our ev- Anap. D. B. 

Sao" opojv, ovt otthtu). Anap. Mon. H. 

Tt yap r\ AafiSaiciSaig, Anap. Mon. H. 

H ro> noXu|3ou v£ik:oc £K£i~ Anap. D. C. 

r', ovte 7rapo&tv 7ror £yw, Anap. D. B. 

Ovt£ ravvv 7ru) f/udSov Anap. D. B. 

Ti, trpoQ otov Sr? fiaaavw, Anap. D. B. 

E7ri rttv £7TiSa/iOv Anap. Mon. H. 

<J>emv £i/u.' OioWooa, Anap. Mon. H. 

Aaj33afci£uic ztrtKovpog Anap. D. B. 

ASrjXoJV Savariov. Antisp. D. B. 



59 



SOPH. ELECTRA. Vers. 120. 



STROPHE & ANTISTROPHE 1. 

Q Trai, irai ^vrrravoTarag Dactyl. Hephth. 

HAc/crpa fxarpoq, riv au Dactyl. Hephth. 

Taicac; (!>$' aicopiVTOv oi/xwyav, Antisp. T. B. 

Tov wa\ai bk SoXspag aSeojTarag Dactyl. Te tram. 

Marpog aXovr' airaTaic Ayap.tp.vova, Dactyl. Tetr. 

Ka/ca r£ \£ipi 7rpooVrov ; Iamb. Hephth. 

'Qc o raSe iropwv Anap. Bas. 

OXoir', a fxoi Ssfxig raft avSav. Antisp. D. H. 



STROPHE & ANTISTROPHE 2. 



Q yev&Xa yivvaiuv 7raT£pa>v, 
Hkct £/ul(i)v Kafiariiiv irapapv^iov* 
OiSa re /cat Zvvirjjxi ratT, ouri jue 
^icyyava^ ouSt SfXw 7rpoXi7T£iv Toys, 
Mr? ov rov fjuov arovayziv irarsp aSXiov. 
AXX , to iravroi- 

-aq ^iXoTtfTog apeifiopzvai yapiv, 
Eare ^u wS aXu£iv* 
Ai, ai, Ikvovjulqi *. 



Anap. D. 
Anap. D. 
Anap. D. 
Anap. D. 
Anap. D. 
Base. 
Anap. D. 
Iamb. D. C. 
Iamb. Mon. H, 



* These are almost Systematic. 



GO 



Explication of some of the Terms expressing the 
Forms (Ei&j) of Greek Odes. 

An Ode consisting of any number of dissimilar 
Verses intermixed, not succeeded by an equal 
number of others corresponding, has the Title 
Monostrophica prefixed to it. 

An Ode consisting of one or more separate Col- 
lections of dissimilar Verses, succeeded by others h 
that contain an equal number of Verses corres- 
ponding, has the Title Antistrophica ; and the Ode 
is said to be constructed Kara 2^ £ <m/. 

If another single Collection is added to these, 
it is called Epodos ; and the Ode denominated 
Proodic, Mesodic, or Epodic, according to the 
Position of the Epodos. 

The title UspiKo^ara implies a Recurrency 
of another Collection beside that Kara S^Etriv. 
This is distinguished from the other to which it 
is subjoined, by the name Svarrjua or 2u<rr»7ua e£ 
ofiouov, and consists of Verses of the same Species 
throughout. 

In some of the Old Editions, the Titles ANA- 
1IAI2T0I and 2YSTHMA are improperly prefixed, 
where a part only of the Collection is Systematic ; 
and sometimes so intermixed with Dactylic Te- 
trameters, that it appears doubtful by which name 

h The corresponding Collections are called Strophe and An- 
tistrophe. The origin of these names is thus explained by Tri- 
clinius : Igteov de on rr\v jxev lirpofrfv kivovjjlevol ol yopevrai -kooq 
ra ct^ta rjZov' rr\v he Avriorpotyriv ttooq ra aptarepa' rrjy Be e-kco- 
lov larap-Evoi ycov. E^jyXov Be (wc tyaaiv) >/ }xev 2,Tpo(bri rrjv tov 
ovpavov ek t<j)v 'Ewwj' izpOQ ra Auriga fxept] Kivr\aiv % >/ ce Avri- 
arpo(j)ri tv\v tmv Il\avrjTO)i>, we airo Averpwv irpoc 'Ew yivo\iEvi\v % 
i) Ie E-n-toCoc rt]v ri]c Trjs errafftv, lOTapEvwv T(ov -^opevriov, aco- 
\xevt). 



61 

we should call them. And in some places we find 
the Title ANAI1AI2T0I, where the Verses are not 
Anapaestic. 

£We may here observe, that in a Latin System 
of Anapaests, the Verses are commonly all Acata- 
lectic Dimeters, without a Parcemiacus. See in- 
stances in Seneca.*] 

In conclusion, let me recommend it to the Stu- 
dent to exercise himself in correcting the errors 
which occur in Triclinius, and the old Editions 
of the Greek Tragedians. — Many Verses which 
appear incapable of being reduced to rule, by 
transferring a Word or Syllable to or from the 
next line, become 1 correct and regular. We are 

1 The following Strophe and Antistrophe in Sophocles' Phi- 
loctetes are proposed as an exercise. In Johnson they stand 
thus : Vers. 1123 and 1144. 

STROPHE. AN 1TSTROPHE. 

2v rot, av tol Karr}£i(i)- SIotjioq as ccu/novwv rade, 

-aac, (o (japviroTfie' OvSe at ye coXoq ear-% viro 

Ovk aXXodev ej(rj rvya Xeipog e^xaq' (rrvyepav 

TaC <X7TO fJLEL%OVOQ' E)(£ ZvaTZOTflOV 

Eur£ ye nrapov (f>povrjcrai Apav, apav £7r' aXXoig' 

Tov Xtgovog cai/jLOVog, Kai yap efioi tovto fieXei 

EtXov to KaKiov eXeii'. Mr] (j)iXorr}T ainaari. 

Take also seventeen Verses in the CEdipus Coloneus, [to 
which the title of Anapaests is prefixed,] and examine in what 
parts they are not Systematic — 

In Johnson, Vers. 241. 

£1 %£VOl CLlSotypOVEC, aXX £7T£l — 

to Vers. 257. 
— Ofoc ayoi y', tKtyvyeiv cvvairo. 



G2 



indebted to Mr. Heath for many of these amend- 
ments : and to Dr. Burney the Students in Me- 
trical Science have to acknowledge a valuable 
addition to the obligations already conferred. 



63 



METRES OF HORACE. 

The Metres of Horace may be conveniently re- 
ferred to Nineteen Heads. Ten are found in 
Book the First; One in each of the following 
Books ; and Six in the Book of Epodes. 



BOOK THE FIRST. 

Ode 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 11. 

Of these ten, some only differ in the Law of 
Re currency, that is, in the form and construction 
of the Strophe or Stanza — the same Verses as 
those of a preceding Ode being found in a differ- 
ent place. Thus Maecenas atavis, &c. is the 
same as the second Verse in the Couplet of Ode 
the third : and this occurs again in the fifth and 
sixth. Sic te Diva potens Cypri occurs again in 
the fourth Verse in the Stanza of Ode V. 

Ode I. 

Maece | nas atavis | edite re | gibus. 

A species of the interposed Choriambic — two Choriambi being 
inserted between the parts of an Iambic Syzygy. The collec- 
tion is called the Asclepiad System. 
1 



64 



Ode II. 

Sapph. 
Jam satis ter- | ris nivis at | -que dirae 
Grandinis mi | sit pater et | rubente 
Dextera sa | -eras jacula | -tus arces 

Terruit urbem. 

The three first are Epichoriambic, having the second Epitrite 
in prima sede, a Choriambus in media — And ending with an 
Iambic Syzygy Catalectic. — Every fourth an Adonic verse. 



Ode III. 

Sic te | Diva potens | Cypri 

Sic fra | -tres Helena?, | lucida si | dera. 

The first has one Choriambus only — the second two interposed. 



Ode IV. 

Solvittir | acris hy | ems gra I ta vi'ce||veris |et Fa||v5ni 
Trahiint | que sic- | cas||machi ] nae ca ] rinas. 

1. Dactyl. Tetram.+ Trochaic Hemihol. 

2. Iambic Penthemim.-f- Trochaic Hemihol. 

Ode V. 



ta gracilis | te ptier in | rosa") ^ i . 
liquidis | urget odo | ribus. j 



Quis mul 
Perfu | sus 

Grato | Pyrrha stib | iintro d. t. acat. 

Cui fla | vam religas | comam. Ode 3, 



65 



Ode VI. 



Scribe | ris | Vario | fortis et hos | tiunn 
Victor,! Maeonii ] carminis a | -lite >Ode 1, 

Quam rem|cunque ferox|navibus aut|equis) 

Miles, | te duce, gess | -erit. Ode 3, 



Ode VII. 



Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon, aut Mitylenen, 
Aut Ephe- | sum, bima- | risve Co- | rinthi. 

1. Dactyl. Hexam. Acat. 

2. Dactyl. Tetram. Acat. 

Ode VIII. 

Lydia die, | per omnes 
Te Deos o | ro, Sybarin | cur properes | amando. 

1. Choriamb. Dim. Cat. 

2. Epichoriamb. Tetram. Cat. 

This Epichoriambic begins with the second Epitrite, as well as 
Ode 2 ; but has one Choriambus more. 

Ode IX. 

ALC 

Vides | tit al | ta || stet nive | candidum 
% Sorac | te, nee | jam || sustine- | ant onus 
Sylvae | labo | rantes, | gelu | que 
Flumina j constite || -rlnt a | cuto. 

1. Iamb. Penth.+Dactyl. Dim. 

2. The same. 

3. Iamb. Dim. Hyperc. 

4. Dactyl. Dim.+Troch. Monom. 

F 



66 



Ode XI. 

Tu ne | quaes^ris, | scir£ nefas, | quem mmi, 
quem | tflbi. 

Chor. Tetram. Acat. 

Being another species of the interposed Choriambic, having one 
Choriambus more than the Asclepiad. 



These Ten being considered as archetypes, the 
other twenty-eight Odes of Book the First may 
be thus referred to them : 



To Ode 1. 




2. 


10. 12. 20. 22. 25. 30. 32. 38. 


3. 


13. 19. 36. 


4. 




5. 


14. 21. 23. 


6. 


15. 24. 33. 


7. 


28. 


8. 




9. 


16. 17. 26. 27. 29. 31. 34. 35. 37. 


11. 


18. 



67 



BOOK THE SECOND. 



Ode XVIIL 



N5n e | bur, ne | que aure | um 
Mea | renl | det In | domo | lacu | nar. 



1. Troch. Dim. Cat. 

2. Iamb. Trim. Cat. 



BOOK THE THIRD. 



Ode XII. 

Miserarum est, | neque amdri | dare liidum | ne- 

que dulci 
Mala vino | lavere, aut ex | -animari | metuentes 
Patruae ver | -bera linguae. 

The two first — Ionic Tetram. Acat. 
The Third — Ionic Dim. Acat. 



BOOK THE FOURTH. 



Ode VII. 

Diffugere nives, redeunt jam gramina campis, 
Arbori- | busque co | -mae. 

1. Dact. Hexam. Acat. 

2. Dact. Penthem. 

F2 



68 



BOOK OF EPODES. 

[The first Ten are Iambics — The xii <h Dactylic, 
" as Ode 7 of Book 1. The xiv th and xv th Dacty- 
lic and Iambic alternate — The xvi th Dactylic 
and Pure Iambic alternate — The xvn th and 
xvm th Iambic] 

Epod. I. 

"Ibis | Libur- | nls in- | ter al- ] ta na- | viiim, 
w Ami | ce, pro- | pugna- | ciila. 

1. Iamb. Trim. 

2. Iamb. Dim. 



Epod. XI. 

Petti, nihil me sicut antea juvat 
Scrlbere | versicii | Ids, || amo j re per | culsiim | 
gravl. 

1. Iamb. Trim. 

2. Dactyl. Penth.+Iamb. Dim. 

Epod. XIII. 

Horrida tempestas ccelum contraxit, et imbres 
Nives | que de | ducunt j Jovem ; || nunc mare | 
nunc silu | ae, 

1. Hexam. 

2. Iamb. Dim.+Dactyl. Penthem. 

1 



69 



Epod. XIV. 

Mollis inertia cur tantam diffuderit imis 
Oblivionem sensibus. 

1. Dactyl. Hexam. 

2. Iamb. Dim. 



Epod. XVI. 

Altera jam teritur bellis civilibus aetas, 
Siiis | et Ip | sa R5 ] ma vi | ribus | riiit. 

1. Dactyl. Hexam. 

2. Iamb. Trim. — without Spondees. 



Epod. XVII. 
Jam jam efficaci do manus scientiae. 

Iamb. Trim, with Spondees. 

Epod. XVIII. 
Quid obseratis auribus fundis preces. 

Iamb. Trim, with Spondees. 



70 



POSTSCRIPT. 

It may not be amiss to observe, for the sake of my younger 
readers, that Hermann introduces Two Terms with which they 
may perhaps be unacquainted, Basis and Anacrusis. — The for- 
mer being Two Extrameter Syllables at the beginning of a 
Verse, the latter " A supernumerary incipient Syllable (of a 
Foot) in The si." 

The Verse Hrf^ia dva<TKei TraKiyKorov Bafiaadev he would pro- 
bably call Trochaic, with an Anacrusis upon the Syllable 7ra. 
But on account of an alleged asperity resulting from the con- 
currence of the Two Theses on the Syllables kei and 7ra, he pro- 
poses to transfer the two first feet to the preceding Verse. I 
confess I do not perceive the value of the alteration, by which 
the preceding Verse is rendered very unharmonious. 

The marks which I had affixed to liiaa in the second Olympic 
Ode of Pindar, are altered on the authorities of Schmidius, 
Heyne, Hermann, and Dr. Maltby. 

Theocritus, Virgil, Ovid, Juvenal, Statius, and Lucan, have 
the First Syllable long — Labbe, in his Elenchus Latino-Graecus, 
quotes Stephanus Byzantinus, who says, To irpwrov kcu to Sev- 
repov rrjg Uiang yua/cpa etm. And, in his Index Ancipitum Lon- 
garum, he places Tiiara as having the first long. Morell's First 
Edition produces no instance of its being short. 

Simonides ends an Hexameter, — 6g ttote Hiny — Markland 
takes no notice of this Hexameter, but says that Simonides 
makes the first Syllable short. See his Note on line 1. of Euri- 
pides Iphig. in Tauris. 

To obviate the unpleasant ambiguity resulting from such 
opposite authorities, I was disposed in the last Edition but one 
to offer an emendation of the Text, which should correspond in 
quantity with the Antistrophe ; but as the word occurs in other 
Odes, and the Adjectives derived from IL<ra have the first 
Syllable short, I feel no difficulty in conceding the point, and 
making the alteration. 



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